Authors

Abstract

Based on the problem of insufficient coordination of integrated machinery and technique configuration in the exploration of dry farming regions, a method of two-period comparative test was carried out in Shanxi Province, China. Zones of the effects of different treatments on straw coverage, soil moisture, emergence rate, seedling condition, yield, and benefit were monitored and analyzed. The result was that the coverage before sowing decreased to below 55% after surface harrowing or rotary tillage in autumn by using dry farming technology in Northern China. The average number of emerging seedlings through surface tillage was larger than that without surface tillage by 1.7 plants/5 m; emergency rate was elevated by 8.37%, and the increase in amplitude of grain yield reached 28% compared with that of traditional farming. Moreover, the input–output ratio reached 1:4.41. The experiments showed that the net income could reach RMB 1,251–1,401/hm2, and compared with traditional farming, operating cost was lowered by 23.1%–28.8%, and benefit was elevated by 48.8% with prominent cost saving and benefit increase. The study results will facilitate the improvement of water-saving and production-increasing technologies in Northern China and play a critical role in the development of agricultural cultivation and steady growth of agricultural output in this region.

Abstract in Chinese

基于旱作区域的探索目前存在机艺融合配置不够协调的问题，本文在中国山西省进行了两期对比试验，在每种处理方法中监测和分析了不同的处理对秸秆覆盖率、土壤水分、出苗率、苗情和产量及效益的影响。试验结果是：利用北方旱作农机耕作技术，秋季浅耙或浅旋作业后使播前覆盖率降到55%以下；经表土耕作的出苗数比无表土耕作的平均数多1.7株/5m，出苗率提高8.37%，粮食产量相比传统耕作增幅达28%；投入产出比达到1:4.41；试验表明纯收入可达1251~1401元/hm2，和传统作业比较，作业成本降低23.1%〜28.8%，效益提高48.8%，节本增效尤为显著。本文研究结果将有力推动中国北方地区旱地节水增产技术的改进，进而对这一区域农业耕种发展和农产品产量稳定增长起到关键作用。