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Topic

Technologies and technical equipment for agriculture and food industry

Volume

Volume 63 / No.1 / 2021

Pages : 355-364

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OBTAINING “ECOLOGICAL SEEDS” OF VEGETABLE AND TECHNICAL PLANTS USING THE AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE SEEDS

OBŢINEREA DE “SEMINŢE ECOLOGICE” DE PLANTE LEGUMICOLE ŞI TEHNICE UTILIZAND PROPRIETĂŢILE AERODINAMICE ALE SEMINŢELOR

DOI : https://doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-63-36

Authors

(*) Anisoara Paun

National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry – INMA Bucharest

Gheorghe Stroescu

National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry – INMA Bucharest

Alexandru Zaica

National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry – INMA Bucharest

Vasilica Stefan

National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry – INMA Bucharest

Mihai Olan

National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed for Agriculture and Food Industry – INMA Bucharest

Samuel Yasbeck Khozamy

Schneider Electric

(*) Corresponding authors:

[email protected] |

Anisoara Paun

Abstract

The production and quality of any agricultural crop is determined both by the factors acting from the moment of sowing until harvesting, as well as by those that directly influence the seeds before sowing. In the organic cultivation of cereals, industrial plants, vegetables, medicinal plants, the seeds must be clean without any impurities because the maintenance of these crops does not allow using of chemicals. There is a number of technologies and pieces of equipment for separating impurities. In case of separating impurities from the mass of small seeds, especially vegetable and flower seeds, the use of separation on sieves is very expensive because compared to other crops vegetable seeds are produced in small quantities (except for beans, peas, lentils, etc.) and have a wide variety of characteristics .Vegetables belong to a large number of plant families. This is why their seeds have a very different structure, shape, size and chemical composition. To overcome these challenges, the experimental model Seed conditioning module for vegetable species - MCSL which separate impurities by using the aerodynamic properties of the seeds was developed. Seed conditioning module for vegetable species is designed to improve the technologies of organic seed production for vegetable seeds, flowers, industrial plants, cereals and to solve practical problems regarding seed production in the case of vegetable crops. Starting from these considerations, the paper will present theoretical and experimental information on the influence of some factors on the aerodynamic properties of cereal seeds, vegetables and technical plants. The quality of seed separation in this module depends on the degree of uniformity of the air velocity field in the working area, on the stability of this field and on its extent.

Abstract in Romanian

Producţia şi calitatea oricărei culturi agricole este determinată atât de factorii care acţionează din momentul însămânţării până la recoltare, precum şi de cei care influenţează direct asupra seminţelor înainte de însămânţare. În cultura ecologica de cereale, plante tehnice, legume, plante medicinale, semintele trebuie să fie curate fără nici o impuritate deoarece întreţinerea acestor culture nu permite utilizarea substanţelor chimice. Pentru separarea impurităţilor există o serie de tehnologii şi echipamente. În situaţia separării impurităţilor din masa de seminţe mici in special seminte de legume si flori utilizarea separarii pe site este foarte costisitoare deoarece în comparaţie cu cu alte culturi la legume seminţele se produc în cantităţi mici ( excepţie fasolea, mazărea, lintea etc.)şi au caracteristici foarte variate. Legumele aparţin unui număr mare de familii botanice. Din această cauză seminţele lor au o structură , formă, mărime şi compoziţie chimică foarte diferită.Pentru a raspunde acestor provocari a fost realizat modelul experimental Modul de condiţionat seminţe pentru speciile legumicole-MCSL care realizează separarea impurităţi utilizând proprietăţile aerodinamice ale semintelor. Modul de condiţionat seminţe pentru speciile legumicole este conceput în vederea perfecţionării tehnologiilor de producere de sămânță ecologică la semințelor de legume, flori, plante tehnice, cereale; pentru rezolvarea unor probleme practice privind producerea de sămânță la culturile din legumicultură. Pornind de la aceste considerente în cadrul lucrării vor fi prezentate informaţii teoretice şi experimentale privind influenţa unor factori asupra proprietăţilor aerodinamice ale seminţelor de cereale ,legume şi plante tehnice.Calitatea separării seminţelor ȋn acest modul depinde de gradul de uniformitate a cȃmpului vitezelor aerului din zona de lucru, de stabilitatea acestui cȃmp şi de ȋntinderea lui.

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