Authors

Abstract

Hole fertilization is an effective method to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the amount of fertilizer discharging for the hole fertilization device, this paper proposed the method of rotary filling by notched disk, designed a hole fertilization device with notched disk, and completed the structure design of the device and cavity. Through the dynamic analysis of fertilizer particles in the process of fertilizer filling, this study found that the interface span of fertilizer cavity, the rotation speed of fertilizer disk, and the amount of fertilizer applied in each hole are the main factors affecting the performance of filling. Then, this study carried out the three-factor quadratic orthogonal rotation combination simulation test to optimize the structure of the cavity. The test used the discrete element method with interface span of fertilizer cavity, the rotation speed of fertilizer disk, and the amount of fertilizer applied in each hole as test factors and the accuracy and variation coefficient of filling amount as evaluation indexes. Results showed that the optimal performance was obtained when the cross section span of the cavity was 13.58°, the opening width was 29.56 mm, and the depth was 22.08 mm. The field validation showed that the average accuracy of filling amount per hole was 97.67%, and the average variation coefficient was 1.90%. The performance of fertilizer discharge satisfied the design requirements, and agreed with the law of the simulation results. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for the design of hole fertilization device and the improvement of filling performance.

Abstract in Chinese

穴施肥技术是提高化肥利用率的有效手段，为提高穴施肥装置排肥量准确性和稳定性，本文提出了腔盘回转取肥法，并设计了腔盘式穴施肥装置，完成了排肥盘及肥腔的结构设计。重点围绕取肥环节，通过对取肥过程肥料颗粒的动力学分析，明确了肥腔界面跨度，排肥盘转速和每穴施肥量是影响取肥性能的主要因素；采用离散元法，以上述因素为试验因素，以排肥量准确度和变异系数为评价指标，进行了三因素二次正交旋转组合仿真试验，完成了肥腔结构优化，当肥腔截面跨度为13.58°，开口宽度为29.56 mm，深度为22.08 mm时取肥性能最优。田间验证试验表明，每穴排肥量准确度平均为97.67%，变异系数平均值为1.90%，排肥性能满足设计要求，且与仿真结果规律相同。研究结果可为穴施肥装置的设计及取肥性能的提升提供理论依据。