Authors

Abstract

Applying different types of fertilizers to different depths of soil according to demand is advantageous in that it can optimize the distribution of nutrients in arable soil, adjust the nutrient supply of each growth stage of wheat, and increase grain yield. In the study, a layered fertilization opener that could realize the layered fertilization was developed. The interaction model between the opener, fertilizer and soil was established using EDEM simulation software. A response surface analysis was used to determine the optimal parameters of the opener. Specifically, the horizontal distance between the fertilizer drop openings was 140 mm, the machine speed was 1.05 m/s, and the angle of the opener was 37°. Furthermore, field experiments demonstrated that the average depth of upper layer was 8.39 cm, the average depth of middle layer was 16.465 cm, the average depth of lower layer was 24.025 cm, the average spacing of upper layer was 8.075 cm, and the average spacing of lower layer was 7.6 cm. The corresponding findings demonstrated that the layering effect of the opener met the requirements of the fertilization standard.

Abstract in Chinese

将不同种类的肥料根据需求量分层施入不同深度土层，可优化养分在耕层土壤中的分布，调节小麦各生长发育阶段的养分供给，进而提高籽粒产量。本文设计了一种分层施肥开沟器并进行了参数优化。利用EDEM仿真软件建立施肥装置与土壤相互作用模型，分析了机具行进速度、落肥口之间的水平距离、开沟器倾斜角等参数对土壤回流以及肥料分层效果的影响。利用响应面分析各因素对分层施肥效果的影响，并得到最优参数为落肥口水平距离为140 mm，机具行进速度为1.05 m/s，开沟器倾角为37°。对样机加工并进行田间试验，试验得出上层施肥平均深度8.39 cm，中层施肥平均深度16.465 cm，底层施肥平均深度24.025 cm，上层施肥间距平均8.075 cm，下层分层施肥间距平均7.6 cm。整机分层效果较好，符合分层施肥作业标准要求。