Authors

Abstract

Anti-blocking and seedbed cleaning are one of the key process in no/minimum till seeding in the Northwest arid area in China. Soil tillage performance and straw cutting performance such as tillage depth stability, straw cutting ratio, torque requirement are important indexes that influence anti-blocking and seedbed cleaning performance. In order to investigate the performance of rotation type anti-blocking device of no/minimum till seeder under different operation parameters, this paper designed a rotation type anti-blocking device test bench. It mainly comprises frame, torque sensor, speed sensor, speed-adjustable motor, straw fixture, rotation blades and land wheel, its working width was 1100 mm. The torque requirement could be determined with torque sensor and rotation speed could be determined with proximity speed sensor. The test bench could hitch with test vehicle of soil bin to conduct experiment. With the test vehicle, travel speed could be adjusted; with the speed adjustable motor, rotation speed (0-300 r/min) could be adjusted; besides, operation performance of different rotation type device can be determined by changing the device. Soil bin experiment of idling test, tillage test and straw cutting performance test was conducted taking rotation speed as testing factors and torque and straw cutting performance as response indicators. Results showed that tillage depth stability of the test bench was 87.2%, and it could satisfy the test requirement and operation steadily. Results of the tillage experiment showed that torque requirement of tillage and idling test both increased with the increase rotation speed significantly; results of the straw cutting test preliminarily found that the critical cutting speed under supported cutting was between 100-200 r/min under the given condition. This study could provide reference for the performance research for anti-blocking device of no/minimum till seeder.

Abstract in Chinese

清秸防堵是中国西北旱区少免耕播种作业的重要环节之一。土壤耕作效果及秸秆切割效果如耕深稳定性、秸秆切断率、作业扭矩等是影响清秸防堵效果的重要指标。为了测定不同作业参数下少免耕播种机旋转类防堵装置的作业性能，本文设计了旋转类部件作业性能试验台，其主要由扭矩传感器、转速传感器、转速可调电机、秸秆夹持装置、旋转类刀具、地轮等部件组成，其工作幅宽为1100mm。作业扭矩通过扭矩传感器测定，实时转速通过接近转速传感器测定。其能够通过三点悬挂装置挂接在土槽台车上进行试验作业，通过调整台车前进速度，可实现不同前进速度下作业性能的测定；通过调整电机转速，可实现不同刀具转速作业性能（0-300r/min）的测定；此外通过更换装置还可实现不同结构装置对作业性能影响的测定。以刀轴转速为因素，以作业扭矩和秸秆切断情况为响应指标，应用试验台开展了空转试验、土壤耕作试验及秸秆切割性能试验。试验结果表明所设计试验台耕深稳定性为87.2%。工作稳定可靠，能满足试验需求。空转试验和土壤耕作试验均表明作业扭矩随刀轴转速的增加而增加，秸秆切断试验初步表明支撑条件下秸秆临界切断转速在100-200r/min之间。本文可为少免耕播种清秸防堵装置性能研究提供参考。