Authors

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of the existing potato cultivator in cultivation, such as poor effect and easy damage to seedlings, the composition structure and tillage principle of the cultivator is analyzed. Furthermore, in order to determine the volume of soil thrown by the soil-cultivating disc, that is, the main tilling indexes of JB/T7864-1999"Test methods of cultivator-fertilizer", this study makes a theoretical analysis on the dynamics of tilling device and the kinematics of tilling operation, to obtain the structural and motion parameters affecting soil cultivation. The discrete element simulation software is used for single-factor simulation analysis, to obtain the linear relationship between each factor and soil cultivation. Taking the tillage depth, cultivator forward speed and disc diameter as the factors, and the soil cultivating height as the test index, a field three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was carried out, and the optimal parameter combination was selected. The results showed that with the increase of the disc diameter and tillage depth, the cultivating height increased, and with the increase of the cultivator forward speed, the cultivating height increased first and then decreased. Through the orthogonal test of factors and the analysis of range and variance, it is determined that when the tillage depth is 105 mm, the operating speed is 5.5 km/h and the disc diameter is 475 mm, the effect of soil-cultivating disc is optimal. The results are also verified by the field test, and it can lay a foundation for the optimal design of potato cultivator.

Abstract in Chinese

针对现有马铃薯中耕机在马铃薯中耕作业存在的作业效果不佳、易伤苗等问题，本研究在前人研究的基础上，对中耕机的组成结构及耕作原理进行了剖析，得到培土圆盘是影响马铃薯中耕作业的效果的重要因素。进而，为了明确影响马铃薯中耕机培土圆盘培土量，即JB/T7864-1999《旱田中耕施肥机试验方法》中的主要中耕指标，本文对培土装置的动力学以及对培土作业运动学进行了理论分析，得出了影响培土作业效果的结构参数和运动参数。利用离散元仿真软件对培土作业进行单因素仿真分析，得到各试验因素与培土效果的线性关系。以同样的试验因素，即耕作深度、机车前进速度、圆盘直径为试验因素，以培土高度为试验指标，进行了田间三因素三水平正交试验，选取较优参数组合。试验表明：圆盘直径与耕作深度随数值增加，培土高度增大；机车前进速度增大，培土高度先增加后减小。通过对试验因素进行正交试验，对极差和方差进行分析，确定了耕作深度为105mm、作业速度为5.5km/h，圆盘直径为475mm时，培土圆盘培土作业效果最佳，并进行了田间验证试验。本研究可为马铃薯中耕机得优化设计奠定基础。