Authors

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of high temperature and drought in Xinjiang Turpan area and low survival rate of melon seedlings transplanted in dry land, the existing transplanting machine is the key to mechanized and non-destructive transportation and planting of large plants of young tender melon seedlings, root water injection, and precise soil piling in planting holes. Technical difficulties, the design of a double melon planting machine for laying pipes and membranes, watering and transplanting, can complete rotary tillage, spreading drip irrigation belts, laying mulch and covering the soil around the membrane, transplanting pot seedlings on the membrane, and water injection at the bottom. This machine puts the water injection pipeline under the inner side of the transplanter, and through the multi-point linkage electric control, the seedling preservation water is injected into the bottom of the seedlings pot while the seedlings are transferred, which not only ensures the survival rate of the melon seedlings, but also an accurate piling of the planting hole is realized. The technology of transplanting with water and piled soil for planting holes effectively solved the technical problems of mechanized transplanting of cantaloupe under high temperature and arid climate conditions in Turpan. The survival rate of melon seedlings under drip irrigation for 8 hours after transplanting in dry land exceeded 97%. The efficiency of mechanized operation can reach 0.07 ha/person/hour, which is more than 8 times higher than manual operation. The operation speed of the machine is 1~1.2m/s, and the transplanting quality rate is 93.26%, meeting the requirements of cantaloupe transplanting agronomy.

Abstract in Chinese

针对现有新疆吐鲁番地区高温干旱，瓜苗旱地移栽成活率低等问题，现有移栽机对于大株型幼嫩瓜苗的机械化无损输送及栽植、根底注水、种植穴精准堆土等关键技术难题，设计哈密瓜铺管铺膜坐水移栽机，实现了一个作业流程即可完成旋耕、铺滴灌带、铺地膜及膜边覆土、钵苗膜上移栽、根底注水、种植穴堆土及镇压的机械化复式作业。该机具创新设计的坐水系统将注水管路置于鸭嘴栽植器的内侧下方，通过多点位联动机电控制，在移苗的同时将保苗水注入钵苗根底，不仅确保了瓜苗成活率，并且大幅提高了水分利用率；通过覆土滚筒与鸭嘴栽植器的运动耦合设计，实现了种植穴的精准堆土。坐水移栽技术与种植穴堆土技术有效解决了吐鲁番等地高温干旱气候条件下进行哈密瓜机械化移栽的技术难题，旱地移栽后8小时进行滴灌的瓜苗成活率超过97%。机械化作业效率可达1亩/人/小时，较人工作业提高8倍以上。机具作业速度为1～1.2m/s，移栽合格率为93.26%，满足哈密瓜移栽农艺要求。