Authors

Abstract

Aiming at the poor performance and low efficiency of moist fertilizers, a cam-linkage self-cleaning fertilizer apparatus is designed. The cam-linkage mechanism matched with the self-cleaning device is applied to scrape off the residuals, and the structural parameters of flute cam in the wheel are obtained by using the polar equations. The physical characteristics of Stanley compound fertilizer, Kingenta compound fertilizer and Kingenta dual-effect nitro-fertilizer are analyzed to build the discharging model and obtain the key parameters, such as the wheel diameter, the groove number. The trajectory of fertilizer is introduced for the scraper plate. To evaluate the performance, a full factorial experiment including fertilizer types, moisture content and rotating speed is conducted, taking the discharging and coefficient of variation as the evaluation indicators. The results show that in the rotation of 10-50 r/min, the cam-linkage self-cleaning fertilizer apparatus could discharge compound fertilizers with a moisture content less than 8%, and the coefficient of variation is 0.12% -8.21%. In addition, the relationship between the rotating speed and the discharging has the linear relationship, and the determination coefficient R² are more than 0.974. This study helps promoting the deep fertilization technology and equipment in southern rice region.

Abstract in Chinese

针对高湿南方稻区肥料颗粒吸湿粘附堵塞排肥器，影响深施肥作业效果及效率的问题，基于凸轮顶板自清的技术思路，设计了一种凸轮顶板自清式排肥器。建立了凹槽凸轮的极坐标方程及排肥速率数学模型，明确了该排肥轮直径、料槽数量等结构参数；通过开展颗粒肥料运动轨迹分析，获得了清肥刮板结构参数；借助人工气候箱模拟江西省早、中、晚稻种植的温度和湿度，开展了排肥器内颗粒肥料吸湿试验，获得了颗粒肥料含水率的范围；并以史丹利复合肥、金正大复合肥和金正大硝基双效肥为试验材料，肥料类型、肥料含水率和排肥轮转速为试验因素，以排肥量及其变异系数为评价指标，开展了排肥器工作性能试验。试验结果表明：排肥器转速在10~50r/min条件下，不同含水率（2%、4%、6%、8%）的3种供试肥料的排肥速率与排肥轮转速均呈线性关系，决定系数R2大于0.974，3种供试肥料随着含水率增加，排肥速率变异系数均呈增大趋势，变化范围为0.12~8.21%；影响排肥性能的显著因素由大到小为排肥轮转速、含水率、肥料种类、肥料种类和含水率的交互作用、含水率和排肥轮转速的交互作用。因此，该排肥器在10~50r/min转速条件下可适用于含水率不高于8%的吸潮颗粒肥料稳定排施，可为高湿南方稻区水稻种植同步深施肥机具的研制提供核心部件。