Authors

Abstract

A layered fertilizer shovel is designed to achieve double layer fertilization in response to the current problem of large fertilizer efficiency loss in one-time banding application. The key structural parameters of the layered shovel were designed and the working speed V, the distance L1 between the banding fertilizer discharging pipe and the point-applied fertilizer discharging device and the distance L2 between the fertilizer distribution plate and the point-applied fertilizer discharging device were determined as the main factors affecting the layered distance h. A quadratic regression model between factors and indicators was established by single-factor test and response surface analysis. With the layered distance h=10 cm as the optimization target, the predicted value of layered distance h is 10 cm when V, L1 and L2 are 2.7 km/h, 15.3 cm and 18.2 cm, respectively, and the simulation test is conducted to verify the combination of the parameters obtained from the optimization solution, and the simulated value of layered distance h is 9.9 cm, which is a small error compared with the predicted value. The field test was conducted under the optimal combination of parameters, and the results showed that the layered distance h was 9.1 cm at the working speed V of 2.7 km/h, and the relative error was 8.1% compared with the simulation value, which can be considered as a high reliability of the simulation test, and the simulation test can accurately simulate the distribution of fertilizer particles in the real environment in the field. When the working speed V is 1.8-5.4 km/h, the distribution range of layered distance h is 8.0-9.5 cm, which can meet the agronomic requirements of fertilizer layered application.

Abstract in Chinese

针对目前肥料一次性条施存在肥效损失大的问题，设计了一种分层施肥铲，实现双层施肥。对分层施肥铲的关键结构参数进行了设计，确定作业速度V、条施肥排肥管与穴施肥排肥器间距离L1和分肥板与穴施肥排肥器间距离L2为影响分层距离h的主要因素。通过单因素试验和响应面分析建立因素和指标间的二次回归模型。以分层距离h=10 cm为优化目标，得到作业速度V、条施肥排肥管与穴施肥排肥器间距离L1和分肥板与穴施肥排肥器间距离L2分别为2.7 km/h、 15.3 cm和18.2 cm时，分层距离h预测值为10 cm，对优化求解得到的参数组合进行仿真试验验证，得到分层距离h仿真值为9.9 cm，与预测值相比误差较小。在最优参数组合下进行田间试验，结果表明作业速度V为2.7 km/h时，分层距离h为9.1 cm，与仿真值相比相对误差为8.1%，可认为仿真试验可信度高，仿真试验可准确模拟肥料颗粒在田间真实环境下的分布情况。当作业速度V为1.8-5.4 km/h时，分层距离h的分布范围为8.0-9.5 cm，可满足肥料分层施用的农艺要求。