Authors

Abstract

A layered fertilizer shovel is designed to achieve double layer fertilization in response to the current problem of large fertilizer efficiency loss in one-time strip application. The key structural parameters of the layered shovel were designed and the operating speed V, the distance L1 between the strip fertilizer discharge pipe and the burrow fertilizer discharge device and the distance L2 between the divider plate and the burrow fertilizer discharge device were identified as the main factors influencing the layered distance h. The main factors were subjected to single-factor tests and response surface analysis, and the layered distance h = 10 cm was used as the optimization target. The predicted values of layered distance h were 10 cm for the operating speed V, the distance between the strip fertilizer discharge pipe and the hole fertilizer discharge device L1, and the distance between the fertilizer distribution plate and the hole fertilizer discharge device L2, which were 2.7 km/h, 15.3 cm and 18.2 cm respectively. The simulation of the optimized combination of parameters resulted in a predicted layered distance h of 9.9 cm. The results of the field tests show that the layered distance h is 9.1 cm at an operating speed V of 2.7 km/h, with a relative error of 8.1% compared to the simulated value. The simulations accurately simulate the distribution of fertilizer particles in the real field environment. The distribution of layered distance h ranged from 8.0 to 9.5 cm at operating speeds V of 1.8 to 5.4 km/h.

Abstract in Chinese

针对目前肥料一次性条施存在肥效损失大的问题，设计了一种分层施肥铲，实现双层施肥。对分层施肥铲的关键结构参数进行了设计，确定作业速度V、条施肥排肥管与穴施肥排肥器间距离L1和分肥板与穴施肥排肥器间距离L2为影响分层距离h的主要因素。通过单因素试验和响应面分析建立因素和指标间的二次回归模型。以分层距离h=10 cm为优化目标，得到作业速度V、条施肥排肥管与穴施肥排肥器间距离L1和分肥板与穴施肥排肥器间距离L2分别为2.7 km/h、 15.3 cm和18.2 cm时，分层距离h预测值为10 cm，对优化求解得到的参数组合进行仿真试验验证，得到分层距离h仿真值为9.9 cm，与预测值相比误差较小。在最优参数组合下进行田间试验，结果表明作业速度V为2.7 km/h时，分层距离h为9.1 cm，与仿真值相比相对误差为8.1%，可认为仿真试验可信度高，仿真试验可准确模拟肥料颗粒在田间真实环境下的分布情况。当作业速度V为1.8-5.4 km/h时，分层距离h的分布范围为8.0-9.5 cm，可满足肥料分层施用的农艺要求。