Authors

Abstract

The betel vine, a species of Piper, has organic impacts on human health through its secondary metabolites. Historically, it has been used to treat various illnesses including liver and stomach problems, inflammation, and as an antioxidant, antipyretic, and antimicrobial. Despite its medicinal benefits, the black betel vine (Piper betle var. Nigra) is not widely cultivated. This review summarises traditional and advanced methods of betel cultivation, including the habitats and diseases affecting Piper Betle L. There are two cultivation systems: closed-type and open-type, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The modern method of propagation through callus induction is gaining popularity, but requires specialised knowledge and is more costly. Traditional cultivation is less complicated, but exposes young plants to disease. Implementing smart farming practices, maintaining optimal growth conditions, and utilizing a screen house with artificial shading and lighting may lead to higher-quality crops with reduced losses. Before planting, the cuttings should be soaked in a fungicide mixture and grown as individual plants to avoid bacterial leaf blight from occurring.

Abstract in English

Piper species like the betel vine with secondary metabolites have organic impacts on human health. In conventional medicine, the betel vine had been used internationally to deal with numerous sicknesses like liver and stomach ailments, inflammation, urological problems, as an antioxidant, antipyretic, skin, wound healing, also antimicrobial for food preservation and humans. However, betel leaves, especially for Piper betle var. Nigra (black betel vine), is rarely cultivated effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the current work reviews the extant literature on the traditional and advanced methods of betel cultivation, including the habitats and diseases affecting Piper Betle L. There are two systems for cultivating betelvine: the closed-type system and the open-type system, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. The modern method of propagation, callus induction, is gaining popularity, especially for mass production. However, both technologies have their own issues due to their distinctive methodologies. The modern technique requires specialised knowledge to adhere to the procedure, is costly, and requires more time for planting, whereas the traditional technique is less complicated but exposes young plants to the risk of disease.