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Topic

Technologies and technical equipment for agriculture and food industry

Volume

Volume 70 / No. 2 / 2023

Pages : 477-486

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OPTIMIZATION OF DRYING PARAMETERS FOR DESICCATED COCONUT POWDER USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

OPTIMASI PARAMETER PENGERINGAN KELAPA PARUT KERING MENGGUNAKAN DESAIN KOMPOSIT SENTRAL

DOI : https://doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-70-46

Authors

Muhammad Nashir EFFENDY

Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystems, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran

Siti NURHASANAH

Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran

(*) Asri WIDYASANTI

Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystems, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran

(*) Corresponding authors:

[email protected] |

Asri WIDYASANTI

Abstract

Desiccated Coconut (DC) is a product rich in fat, protein, carbohydrates and fiber. It is widely used as an additive for the snack industry. As a potential food additive product, every process needs to be considered to produce a good quality DC. The effort to maintain the quality of DC is to optimize the main process of making DC, namely the drying process. In several studies, the drying condition of DC was carried out differently, that is why an optimization process on DC drying is needed. This study aims to determine the temperature and drying time combination that produces DC with the optimum moisture content, fat content, and yield. The drying process used a food dehydrator with a temperature combination of 50°C to 70°C and a time of 2 to 4 hours. The research method used was a laboratory experimental method with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization using Central Composite Design (CCD). It was presented that the optimum drying conditions given by RSM were obtained by drying at 70°C for 2 hours. The results obtained from the validation of a water content of 1.279% wet basis (wb), a fat content of 64.855% wb, and a yield of 42.363%, were following CODEX STAN 177-1991. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the combination of temperature and drying time affects moisture content, fat content, and DC yield.

Abstract in Indonesian

Kelapa Kering (DC) merupakan produk yang kaya akan lemak, protein, karbohidrat, dan serat. Produk ini banyak digunakan sebagai bahan aditif untuk industri makanan ringan. Sebagai produk bahan tambahan makanan yang potensial, setiap proses perlu diperhatikan untuk menghasilkan DC yang berkualitas baik. Upaya menjaga kualitas DC adalah dengan mengoptimalkan proses utama pembuatan DC yaitu proses pengeringan. Terdapat perbedaan kondisi pengeringan terbaik pada beberapa penelitian sebelumnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi proses pengeringan DC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi suhu dan waktu pengeringan yang menghasilkan DC dengan kadar air, kadar lemak, dan rendemen yang optimum. Proses pengeringan menggunakan food dehydrator dengan kombinasi suhu 50°C hingga 70°C dan waktu 2 hingga 4 jam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen laboratorium dengan optimasi Response Surface Methodology (RSM) menggunakan Central Composite Design (CCD). Dipaparkan bahwa kondisi pengeringan optimum yang diberikan oleh RSM diperoleh dengan pengeringan pada suhu 70°C selama 2 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh dari validasi kadar air 1,279% basis basah, kadar lemak 64,855% basis basah, dan rendemen 42,363% yang sudah sesuai dengan CODEX STAN 177-1991. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi suhu dan waktu pengeringan berpengaruh terhadap kadar air, kadar lemak, dan rendemen DC.

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