Authors

Abstract

Quantitative investigation of the utilization characteristics of precipitation resources and the production capacity of the intercropping production system under the soybean maize intercropping mode in northern China is of great significance for improving the resource utilization rate of dryland agriculture and regional sustainable development. This study adopted a completely randomized block design, and six planting modes were set up: soybean monoculture, maize monoculture, and four soybean maize intercropping modes. Plant height and grain yield data were observed, and precipitation resource utilization efficiency was calculated. Based on the FAO-56 recommended crop coefficients, the crop coefficients were corrected according to the actual growth of crops in the experimental area; combined with meteorological data, the crop water demand under different planting modes was estimated based on the Penman-Monteith principle. The results showed that crops' daily growth water demand under different planting modes was generally deficient in water in the early and middle stages of growth, and surplus in the later stages. Compared with the monoculture mode, there were significant differences in precipitation resource utilization efficiency under different intercropping modes (P < 0.05), with soybeans reduced by 67.50% ~ 89.56%, and corn reduced by 43.99% ~ 61.05%. Based on the semi-humid and semi-arid area of the eastern Loess Plateau, an appropriate irrigation system needs to be designated for soybean and corn intercropping systems in the early and middle stages of crop growth. Under a certain proportion of water resource supply, different modes have different water resource utilization efficiency and final production capacity for the intercropping system.

Abstract in Chinese

定量化探究中国北方大豆玉米复合种植方式下降水资源的利用特征及复合生产系统的生产能力对提升旱作农业资源利用率和区域可续发展具有重要意义。本研究采用完全随机区组设计，布设六种种植模式，即大豆单作、玉米单作、以及四种大豆玉米复合种植模式，观测株高、籽粒产量数据，计算降水资源利用效率。基于FAO-56推荐作物系数，根据试验区作物实际长势进行作物系数矫正；结合气象数据，基于Penman-Monteith原理，估算不同种植模式下作物需水量。结果表明：不同种植模式下作物逐日生长需水量，整体呈生育前、中期水分亏缺严重，生育后期水分盈余；与单作模式相比，不同复合种植模式下降水资源利用效率存在显著差异( P < 0.05 )，大豆降低了67.50% ~ 89.56%、玉米降低了43.99 % ~ 61.05%。基于黄土高原东缘半湿润偏旱区，大豆、玉米复合种植系统下，在作物生长前、中期需要指定适宜的灌溉制度。比例水分资源供应一定下，不同的模式对复合系统的水资源利用效率及最终的生产能力是不同的。