Authors

Abstract

Aiming at the traditional peanut planter seed and fertilizer sowing depth inconsistency caused by seed burning and injury, fertilizer waste and low seed emergence rate, the design of a peanut planter with high-speed operation and controllable seed and fertilizer sowing depth was performed. The laser sensor is added to detect the height of the ridge and the furrow opener position feedback, and the speed sensor detects the operating speed of the peanut planter. The mechanical analysis of the four-link rod clarifies the control principle, improves the PID algorithm of the integral term, designs the control strategy based on the operating speed of the planter, controls the electro-hydraulic system, and realizes the sowing and fertilizing depth adjustment of the furrow opener. Through the design of three-factor three-level orthogonal simulation test, it is concluded that the vehicle speed and height deviation value are significant factors affecting the sowing and application depth, and under the verification of the field test, it is obtained that when the sowing depth is 50 mm under the speed of 3 km/h, the dynamic sowing depth qualification rate is 96.26%, and the maximum coefficient of variation of the sowing depth is 2.58%, which improves the effect of the existing control of the sowing depth of the peanut by 6.05%, and reduces the variation of the sowing depth by 2.85%. The research has demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional mechanical adjustment in regulating the planting depth of peanuts, thereby achieving the intended design objective.

Abstract in Chinese

针对传统花生播种机种肥的播施深度不一致造成烧种伤种、肥力浪费以及种子出苗率低的问题，设计一款具备高速作业种肥一致可控的花生播种机。增添激光传感器对垄面高度检测以及开沟器位置反馈、速度传感器检测花生播种机的作业速度。对四连杆进行力学分析明确控制原理，改进积分项的PID算法，设计基于播种机作业速度的控制策略，控制电液系统，实现开沟器的播施深度调节。通过设计三因素三水平正交仿真试验，得出车速和高度偏差值是对播施深度影响的显著因素，在田间试验验证下，得到在3km/h的速度下播深为50mm时，动态播深合格率为96.26%，最大播深变异系数为2.58%，比现有的花生播种深度控制效果提升6.05%，播深变异降低2.85%。本研究比传统机械调节播深性能更有，实现了设计的目的。