Authors

Abstract

In response to the challenges of difficult separation and incomplete cleaning during the mechanized harvesting of Cyperus esculentus L., a combined threshing and cleaning device consisting of a fruit-picking roller, a cleaning belt, and an air-screening system was designed. The structure and working principle of this device were explained, and the main components and operating parameters were determined through theoretical analysis. Using fruit-picking roller speed, cleaning belt angle, and fan speed as evaluation indicators, a three-factor three-level field experiment was conducted based on the Box-Behnken central composite design principle. Regression models between loss rate, impurity rate, and significant factors were established, and the optimal working parameters were determined using regression equations. The results showed that when the fruit-picking roller speed was 543.7 r/min, the cleaning belt angle was 50.3°, and the fan speed was 532.4 r/min, the loss rate of sesame seed harvesting was 2.67%, and the impurity rate was 2.49%. The results of field validation experiments indicated that the average loss rate of the combined threshing and cleaning device under the optimal parameter combination was 2.88%, and the average impurity rate was 2.41%, which were consistent with the optimization results of the regression model and fully met the requirements of mechanized sesame seed harvesting production.

Abstract in Chinese

针对油莎豆在机械化收获过程中脱粒分离困难、清选除杂不彻底导致收获损失率、含杂率较高的难题，设计了一种摘果辊、除杂带与风筛式组合的脱粒清选装置，说明了其结构以及工作原理，通过理论分析，确定了关键零部件的主要结构以及工作参数。以摘果辊转速、除杂带倾角、风机转速为评价指标，依据Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理开展三水平三因素田间试验，立了损失率、含杂率与各显著因素之间的回归模型，利用回归方程解出最优工作参数，结果表明：当摘果辊转速为543.7r/min、除杂带倾角为50.3°、风机转速为532.4r/min时，油莎豆收获损失率为2.67%，含杂率为2.49%。田间验证试验结果表面：最优参数组合下的摘果辊与风筛式组合的脱粒清选装置平均损失率为2.88%；平均含杂率为2.41%，与回归模型寻优结果基本一致，完全满足油莎豆机械化收获生产需求。