Authors

Abstract

Studying the effect of variable fertilization during the jointing stage on winter wheat production in the rice-wheat rotation area is critical for evaluating the application effect and economic benefits of variable fertilization technology. The variable fertilization experiment of wheat was carried out in Jiangsu province by using the self-developed fertilizer applicator. Three fertilization methods were used to conduct a comparative analysis of the fertilization amount, population structure, and yield of winter wheat during the jointing stage. On this basis, the economic feasibility of variable fertilization during the jointing stage was evaluated. The experimental results showed that the control accuracy of variable-rate fertilization with fertilization equipment was greater than 95%. After variable fertilization, the coefficient of variation of NDVI values in the winter wheat canopy spectral data remained between 0.076 and 0.125, and the Christensen uniformity coefficient remained between 0.901 and 0.940. Compared with the traditional empirical balance method for quantitative fertilization of plots, the real-time variable fertilization plot used 13.6 kg/hm2 less fertilizer during the jointing stage. The findings validate that implementing variable fertilization can help reduce nitrogen fertilizer input, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and enhance the sustainability of agricultural production.

Abstract in Chinese

本研究以小麦品种杨麦25为研究对象，对自行研制的基于冬小麦生长实时信息的变量施肥机进行了研究。在江苏金坛小麦种植基地进行了不同施肥模式的田间试验。比较分析了3种施肥方式冬小麦的拔节期施肥量、群体机构和产量。在此基础上，对拔节期变量施肥经济性进行了评价。试验结果表明，施肥装备变量施肥的控制精度均大于95%。变量施肥后冬小麦冠层光谱数据NDVI值变异系数保持在0.076 ~ 0.125之间，克里斯琴森均匀系数保持在0.901 ~ 0.940之间。相比于传统经验平衡法定量施肥地块，实时变量施肥地块在拔节期少投入了13.6 kg/hm2的肥料，但是产量却提升了436.3 kg/hm2，收益增加了1213.6元/hm2。本研究可为在长江中下游稻麦轮作区推广变量施肥技术的试点应用提供理论参考。