Authors

Abstract

Mechanical seeding quality is a key factor affecting the yield of maize in stubble fields. To choose for high-performance seeders and determine the appropriate operating speed, comparative sowing tests were conducted using spoon-wheel seeders, lightweight and heavyweight finger-clip seeders, and air-suction seeders in six districts of Shandong Province. Three working speeds, low speed, medium speed and high speed, were set up to determine the qualified rate of plant spacing, the consistency of plants height and the yields under different working speeds. The results showed that the qualified plant spacing rate, plants height consistency, and yield of the spoon-wheel and lightweight finger-clip seeders were significantly affected by the operating speed, decreasing as the speed increased. At high speeds, the qualified plant spacing rates were less than 80%, and plants height consistency were less than 85%. Heavyweight finger-clip and air-suction seeders' qualified plant spacing rates, plants height consistency, and yields were not significant affected by the operating speed, remaining stable across different speeds and significantly higher than those of the spoon-wheel and lightweight finger-clip seeders. The differences in qualified plant spacing rates and plants height consistency were more significant at higher speeds, along with obvious yields increase advantage. The yields increase ranged from 3.50% to 7.84% at low speeds, 4.32% to 9.31% at medium speeds, and 7.64% to 11.65% at high speeds. This study provides a reference for the selection of high-performance planters for maize in stubble fields and the determination of suitable operating speeds.

Abstract in Chinese

机械播种质量是影响麦茬地玉米产量的关键因素，为筛选高性能播种机，并确定适宜的作业速度，使用勺轮式、指夹式（轻型、重型）和气吸式播种机在山东省6个区县进行播种对比试验，试验设置低速、中速和高速3种作业速度，测定不同作业速度下的株距合格率、苗高一致性和产量，结果表明：勺轮式和轻型指夹式播种机的株距合格率、苗高一致性以及产量均受作业速度影响显著，随作业速度增大而降低，高速作业时株距合格率小于80%，苗高一致性小于85%；重型指夹式和气吸式播种机株距合格率、苗高一致性以及产量受作业速度的影响不显著，各速度下株距合格率、苗高一致性以及产量均较稳定，显著高于勺轮式和轻型指夹式播种机，并且作业速度越高，株距合格率和苗高一致性差异越显著，增产优势也越明显，低速增产幅度为3.50%～7.84%，中速增产幅度为4.32%～9.31%，高速增产幅度为7.64%～11.65%%。本研究为麦茬地玉米高性能播种机的筛选和适宜作业速度的确定提供参考。