Authors

Abstract

To address the challenges associated with garlic single-seed extraction, including seed damage, blockages, and the inefficiency of directional placement for irregularly shaped garlic seeds, an air-suction seed metering device, integrated with image recognition and orientation technology, was developed. The working principle of the product is expounded, and comprehensive analysis and design of key components—such as the seed dispenser, directional needle, and combined suction block—are presented. A test bench was constructed using Jinxiang hybrid garlic as the experimental material, with the negative pressure in the air chamber, the rotation speed of the seed dispenser, and seed quantity in the seed chamber as the primary experimental factors. The performance indicators included the single seed rate, cavitation rate, and double grain rate. A three-factor, five-level orthogonal design was employed to assess the effects of each factor and their interactions on the single seed rate. The optimal operating parameters for garlic species A, B, and C were identified as follows: the negative pressure in the air chamber was 11.85 kPa, 12.03 kPa, and 13.21 kPa, respectively; the rotation speed of the seed dispenser was 7.13 r/min, 6.85 r/min, and 7.25 r/min, respectively; and the seed quantity in the seed chamber was 138.97 mm, 140.90 mm, and 141.24 mm, respectively. The corresponding single seed rates were 95.98%, 96.50%, and 96.23%, respectively. Under these optimal operating conditions, the study further explored the effects of the positional parameters of garlic seeds of different grades, as well as the positional parameters of the directional needle, on the preliminary directional performance. The optimal positional parameters were subsequently determined. The results of this study offer critical insights and establish conditions for the intelligent orientation of garlic planting machines.

Abstract in Chinese

针对目前大蒜单粒取种技术易损伤且易堵塞，及定向技术对形状不规则蒜种效果不佳问题，设计了一种结合图像识别定向技术的气吸式精量定向排种器。阐述了其工作原理并分析设计了排种盘、定向针和组合吸块等部件。通过搭建试验台，选用金乡杂交蒜为试验材料，以气室负压、排种转速、种室内种子量为试验因素，以单粒率、空穴率、双粒率为试验指标，进行三因素五水平旋转正交试验，分析了各因素及其交互作用对单粒率的影响，得出A、B、C三级蒜种的最佳工作参数：气室负压分别为：11.85 kpa、12.03kpa、13.21 kpa，排种盘转速分别为7.13r/min、6.85r/min、7.25r/min，种室内种子量分别为138.97 mm、140.90mm、141.24mm，对应单粒率分别为95.98%、96.50%、96.23%。在最佳工作参数下，探究不同等级蒜种，定向针的位置参数对初步定向性能的影响，确定了最佳位置参数。研究结果可为大蒜种植机的智能化定向提供条件。