Authors

Abstract

In orchard management, trenching operations are labor-intensive and have low efficiency, and mechanization is of crucial importance for the development of the fruit industry in China. In view of the many deficiencies of the existing chain-type and disc-type trenching machinery, this paper designs a self-propelled multifunctional orchard trenching machine. Its core component, the double-disc trenching disc, is an innovative design. Compared with the traditional single-disc trenching disc, it effectively reduces the trenching power consumption while ensuring the trenching depth and width, and significantly improves the operation efficiency. The trenching machine is composed of a frame, a gearbox, a double-disc trenching disc, a trenching knife, a soil retaining plate, etc. Field tests show that the operation speed reaches 1.2 kilometers per hour, the trenching depth is 31.2 cm, the width is 30.5 cm, and the stability coefficient of the trenching depth is 97.2%. Its power consumption is in a relatively good parameter group. When the cutter roller speed is 400 r/min, the forward speed is 0.8 km/s, and the trenching depth is 0.3 m, the average power consumption value of the trenching component is measured to be approximately 7.63 kW, with an 11.18% reduction in power consumption compared with the current trenching machines. And it meets the requirements of orchard agronomy and industry standards. In terms of improving productivity, its high-efficiency operation performance can greatly shorten the trenching operation time in the orchard, enabling fruit growers to arrange production more reasonably and increase fruit output. In reducing labor costs, mechanization replaces manpower, reduces manpower input, reduces labor cost expenditures, and at the same time avoids the instability of manpower operations. For the sustainability of orchard operations, the precise and stable trenching operation helps to optimize the utilization of land resources, ensure the quality of orchard agronomy, maintain the long-term production capacity of the orchard, promote the sustainable development of the orchard, and inject new impetus into the mechanization process of the fruit industry.

Abstract in Chinese

果园管理中开沟作业劳动密集且效率低，机械化对中国果业发展至关重要。鉴于现有链式、盘式开沟机械存在诸多不足，本文设计了一种自走式多功能果园开沟机。其核心部件双盘开沟盘为创新设计，相比传统单盘式开沟盘，在保证开沟深度和宽度的同时，有效降低了开沟功耗，显著提升了作业效率。该开沟机由机架、变速箱、双盘开沟盘、开沟刀和挡土板等组成，田间试验表明，作业速度达 1.2 公里 / 小时，开沟深度为 31.2 cm，宽度为 30.5 cm，深度稳定性系数为 97.2%，其功耗较优参数组，刀辊转速为400 r/min，前进速度为0.8 km/s，开沟深度为0.3 m，测得此时开沟部件平均功耗值约为7.63 kW，较目前开沟机相比功耗降低11.18%。且符合果园农艺和行业标准要求。在提高生产力方面，其高效作业性能可大幅缩短果园开沟作业时间，使果农能更合理安排生产，提升水果产量。降低劳动力成本上，机械化替代人力，减少了人力投入，降低人力成本支出，同时避免人力作业的不稳定性。对于果园运营可持续性，精准稳定的开沟作业有助于优化土地资源利用，保证果园农艺质量，维持果园长期生产能力，推动果园可持续发展，为水果行业机械化进程注入新动力。