Authors

Abstract

Cassava is one of the world's top three tuber crops, and its harvesting mechanization level is low. Digging-pulling cassava harvester is the main research direction of cassava harvesters. However, the soil-loosening components of the existing digging-pulling harvesters have poor loosening effect, high tuber damage rate, and large pulling force of cassava tubers after loosening. The two-sided loosening shovel that digs and loosens the soil on both sides of the tubers has low working resistance and is not easy to damage the tubers, but there are few reports on the impact of its operating performance. Therefore, this study focuses on three common types of two-sided soil-loosening shovels: the offset-wing shovel (OWS), L shovel (LS), and double-wing shovel (DWS). A two-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment is conducted, taking tillage depth (h) and shovel distance (b) as variables, then range analysis and factor impact analysis are carried out. Finally, through comprehensive comparison and optimization, a shovel type with best operational effects and its optimal working conditions are identified. The results show the LS demonstrated optimal performance when the breakage rate and pulling force were minimized. At the optimal combination of h of 0.25 m and b of 0.6 m, the LS has a breakage rate of 7.576% and a pulling force of 291.608 N. This study can provide basis for optimizing the design of loosening parts of digging-pulling cassava harvester.

Abstract in Chinese

木薯是世界三大薯类作物之一，其机械化收获水平低。挖拔式木薯收获机是木薯收获机的主要研究方向。但现有挖拔式木薯收获机的挖掘松土部件松土效果较差，伤薯率高，且松土后木薯块根拔起力大。而挖松块根两侧土壤的两侧式松土铲工作阻力小，不易伤薯，但目前其作业性能影响研究鲜有报道。因此，本文以偏翼铲、L铲、双翼铲三种常用的两侧式松土铲为对象，以耕深h和铲距b作为因素，分别进行两因素三水平正交试验，并对试验因素及结果进行极差分析和因素影响分析，最后通过综合比较和优化获得一种作业效果相对好的铲型及其较优的耕作条件。结果表明当断薯率和最大拔起力小时，L铲作业效果最优。该铲在耕深为0.25m和铲距为0.6m的较优组合时，断薯率为7.576%，最大拔起力为291.608N。本文可为挖拔式木薯收获机松土部件的优化设计提供依据。