Authors

Abstract

The limited separation efficiency of potato-soil separation equipment in the southern potato planting areas is attributed to the high viscosity of the soil. To enhance the performance of the lifting chain separation device, a concave bar was designed. Structural parameters influencing the efficiency of potato-soil separation by bars were determined through kinetic analysis during the separation and transportation of potato-soil mixtures. Both a potato simulation model and a sticky soil simulation model were developed. Simulation tests indicated that the concave bar outperforms the straight bar in separation efficiency. Key factors investigated include the angle of the concave side, the width of the concave bar, the depth of the concave bar, and the installation angle. Orthogonal simulations were conducted using separation efficiency and the maximum force on potatoes as evaluation metrics. The results demonstrated that with a concave side angle of 15°, a concave bar width of 450 mm, a concave bar depth of 60 mm, and an installation angle of 30°, the separation efficiency of the potato-soil mixture reached 79.7%, with a maximum force on potatoes of 35.218 N, achieving the highest separation efficiency. Based on these results, test devices were constructed, and field tests were performed. The field test results showed a damage rate of 1.58%, a potato epidermal injury rate of 1.03%, and a loss rate of 2.87%. These results comply with national standards and validate the reliability of the simulation findings.

Abstract in Chinese

南方马铃薯种植地区因土壤黏性大导致薯土分离装置分离效果差。为了提高升运链式分离装置的分离效率，设计一种凹形杆。在薯土分离和和运输过程中的力学分析的基础上，确定了影响筛分杆对薯土分离效果的的结构参数。构建了马铃薯模型和粘性土壤模型。通过仿真试验，明确了凹杆的分离效果优于直杆。选取凹杆边角、凹杆宽度、凹杆深度和安装倾角为试验因素，以薯土混合体分离效率与薯块最大受力为评价指标开展了仿真正交试验。结果表明，当凹杆边角为150°，凹杆宽度为450mm，凹杆深度为60mm，安装倾角为30°，此时薯土混合体分离效率为79.7%，薯块最大受力为35.218N，薯土分离效果最好。根据试验结果搭建试验样机，进行田间试验。田间试验结果统计得到伤薯率为1.58%，破皮率为1.03%，损失率为2.87%，符合国家标准，验证了仿真结果可靠性。