Authors

Abstract

In this study, the potato excavator with loosening shovel was designed in order to solve the problems of serious soil obstruction and high excavation resistance during the potato harvest. Using EDEM discrete element simulation software, potato excavation simulation experiments were carried out on soil broken effects and excavation resistance. Through the comparative analysis with loosening shovel and without, the results showed that the increase of soil broken effects was close to 52%, and the excavation resistance decreased by 16.57%. Through the two-factor and three-level field orthogonal experiment with excavation depth and loosening depth as influencing factors, the optimal operating parameters was determined for potato excavators: the excavation depth was 23 cm and the loosening depth was 20 cm. At this time, the excavation potato rate was 98.21%, and the rate of damaged potato was 1.31%. The traction resistance was 1826 N, which met the requirements of relevant industry standards. Through comparative analysis of simulation experiments and field experiment, it was found that when the excavation depth was 23 cm and the loosening depth was 20 cm, the error value of traction resistance was 11.3% between simulation experiments and field experiments. The discrete element simulation analysis can provide a preliminary reference for potato excavation design.

Abstract in Chinese

设计带松土铲的马铃薯挖掘机以解决小规模种植马铃薯收获时挖掘铲壅土严重、挖掘阻力大等问题。利用EDEM离散元仿真软件，进行马铃薯挖掘仿真试验，发现增加松土铲对土壤的破碎效果增幅接近52%，挖掘阻力降低16.57%。进行以挖掘深度、松土深度为影响因素的两因素三水平的田间正交试验，确定马铃薯挖掘机的最优作业参数：挖掘深度23cm，松土深度20cm。此时明薯率为98.21%，伤薯率为1.31%，挖掘效果最好，牵引阻力1826N，符合相关行业标准的要求。通过仿真试验与田间试验对比分析，当挖掘深度增加至23cm时，仿真试验与田间试验牵引阻力的误差值低至11.3%。离散元仿真分析为马铃薯挖掘机设计提供了前期参考。