Authors

Abstract

To effectively solve the problem of high damage rates and low operating efficiency of clamping and conveying in the mechanized harvesting of Chinese cabbage, a "vertical clamping+flexible conveying" system was developed. Based on the measurement and analysis of the basic physical characteristics and static compression mechanical properties of Chinese cabbage, the "vertical clamping + flexible conveying" method was applied to arrange the clamping conveyor belts longitudinally. A combination of flexible feeding and soft clamping was used to achieve low-damage transportation. A dynamics coupling simulation model of the Chinese cabbage harvesting components was established. By adjusting the structural and operational parameters of the harvesting components, a simulation test of the Chinese cabbage harvesting operation was conducted to determine the kinematic and dynamic principles of the harvesting process. The designed and developed clamping conveyor device is installed on a cabbage harvester for field performance test verification. Field test results show that the field productivity of the cabbage harvester is 0.12 hm2/h, the average value of the clamping and conveying success rate is 96.38%, and the average value of the harvesting damage rate is 7.43%. The developed clamping and conveying device can effectively meet the requirements of high efficiency, and low energy consumption, low damage during harvesting, while also enhancing adaptability to Chinese cabbages of varying head diameters.

Abstract in Chinese

为提高大白菜机械化收获装备的作业性能，有效解决大白菜机械化收获过程中夹持输送损伤大、作业效率低的问题，研制了一种“立式夹持+柔性输送” 夹持输送系统。基于测定分析大白菜基本物理特征参数和静载压缩力学特性，采用“立式夹持+柔性输送”方式对夹持输送带进行纵向排布，利用挠性喂入与柔性夹持的配合作业方法实现低损输送。建立大白菜株体-采收部件动力学耦合仿真模型，通过改变采收部件的结构参数和工作参数等，进行大白菜收获作业仿真试验，探明大白菜采收过程运动学、动力学规律。最后，将设计开发的夹持输送装置配置在大白菜收获机上进行田间性能试验验证。结果表明，夹持输送装置采用“立式夹持+柔性输送”的方式，可以实现对大白菜的高效低损输送，提高对不同球径大白菜的采收适应性。通过利用离散元法建立动力学耦合仿真模型，发现夹持输送过程大白菜所受合力大小呈现波动态势，表明夹取过程大白菜与夹持皮带的相互作用力呈动态变化。田间试验结果表明，大白菜收获机田间生产率为0.12hm2/h，夹持输送成功率均值为96.38%，采收破损率均值为7.43%，说明设计开发的夹持输送装置有效地满足高效、低能耗、低损伤的收获要求，提高了对不同球径白菜收获的适应性。