Authors

Abstract

To address the issues of high damage rate and low harvesting efficiency during the tobacco leaf picking process, this study analyzed the separation mechanics of tobacco stems and leaves. A low-damage bionic picking device was designed by imitating the manual method of harvesting tobacco leaves. Based on theoretical analysis of the device and its key components, the structure and parameters of the complete system were determined. The picking process was simulated using ADAMS software, focusing on the contact force between the rigid and flexible components at various picking rod speeds. This analysis yielded the optimal combination of structural and operational parameters. Field experiments were subsequently conducted, and a response surface mathematical model was established using Design-Expert software to evaluate the relationship between key factors and performance indicators. The optimal parameter combination was found to be: a picking rod speed of 0.8 m/s, a device inclination angle of 30°, a picking rod spacing of 90 mm, and a forward speed of 0.69 m/s. Under these conditions, the tobacco leaf damage rate was minimized, meeting the requirements for low-damage harvesting. Further experimental validation showed consistency with simulation results, confirming the model's reliability and demonstrating the practical feasibility of the device for tobacco field operations. This provides a valuable reference for the development of low-damage tobacco leaf harvesting equipment.

Abstract in Chinese

为解决目前烟叶采摘装置在采收过程中烟叶破损率高、采净率低的问题，对烟叶的茎叶分离进行分析，模仿人手采摘烟叶方式，设计了一种低损伤烟叶仿生采摘装置。通过对该装置及关键部位的理论分析，确定整体装置的结构和参数。利用ADAMS软件对烟叶采摘过程进行仿真，分析不同采摘手速度和茎秆送料速度下刚性结构与柔性缓冲结构之间的接触力，得到了最佳参数组合。最后进行了田间试验，使用Design-Expert软件，建立各因素与指标的响应面数学模型，分析了各因素与评价指标之间的关系，得到参数优化组合，采摘杆转速为0.8m/s，装置倾斜角为30°，采摘指间距为90mm，前进速度为0.69m/s，该组合下烟叶破损率最低，满足低损伤采摘的条件。结果基本与仿真结果一致，证明了模型的可靠性。最后进行了田间试验，试验结果表明此装置在实际烟叶田间采摘工作的可行性，为低损伤烟叶收获装置的研发提供了参考。