Authors

Abstract

To identify the specific manifestations and influencing factors of the poor straw crushing and spreading effects in Northeast rice-growing areas, this paper focuses on the straw crushing and spreading device widely used on single axial flow harvesters. Experimental and theoretical analyses were conducted. The results indicate that the existing straw crushing and spreading devices, under different operating speeds and with various active blade types, exhibit crushing performance, spreading width, and spreading uniformity significantly below standard values. The primary issues are straw clumping, insufficient straw crushing, lateral bias in spreading, and inadequate spreading width. By establishing a theoretical model, the analysis reveals that the straw crushing effect is related to the characteristics of the straw itself, such as blade rotational speed, cutting angle, and support angle. In contrast, the spreading effect is associated with the motion direction of the straw leaving the threshing drum, straw ejection speed, and the arrangement of deflector plates. This paper clarifies the elements that need improvement in the operational effectiveness of the straw crushing and spreading devices attached to combine harvesters, providing a theoretical basis for subsequent enhancements.

Abstract in Chinese

为找到东北稻区秸秆粉碎抛撒效果差的具体表现形式及其影响因素，本文以广泛使用的单纵轴流收获机装配的秸秆粉碎抛撒装置为研究对象，开展试验和理论分析研究。试验表明，现有秸秆粉碎抛撒装置在不同作业速度下，采用不同动刀类型，粉碎抛撒装置粉碎效果、抛撒幅宽和抛撒不均匀度都远低于标准值，作业效果问题主要变现为：秸秆成团、秸秆粉碎不充分、抛撒偏向一侧、抛撒幅宽不足。通过建立理论模型分析得出，秸秆粉碎效果与秸秆自身特性，粉碎刀转速、开刃角、支撑角有关；抛撒效果与秸秆离开脱粒滚筒时运动方向、秸秆抛离速度、导流板布置有关。文章明确了联合收获机装配的秸秆粉碎抛撒装置作业效果需要提升的要素，为后续的改进提供理论依据。