Authors

Abstract

To achieve mechanized deep topdressing for winter wheat, the planting pattern of narrow and wide row spacing of (10+20) cm was proposed and the topdressing applicator was designed to implement deep topdressing in the 20 wide row. The numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the soil disturbance of furrow opener, the precision fertilization control system was attached to improve the fertilization accuracy, the precision row alignment system was attached to furnish support for the operation between the rows, the field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of topdressing applicator and the effect of deep topdressing fertilization on grain yield and yield trait parameters after harvest. The simulation results showed that the double-disc furrow opener with parameters of disc diameter 350mm, disc angle 10° and offset angle 25° caused the soil disturbance within the ± (5–15) cm range along with a heave less than 2 cm at a furrowing depth of 10cm, the row alignment deviation values of guideline alignment and cross-track deviation under flat ground were mostly distributed within ±3cm at a tractor speed of 3km/h. The field experimental results indicated that at a working speed of 3km/h, the topdressing applicator can accomplish 10 cm deep topdressing in the 20cm wide row along with the row alignment deviation largely distributed with in ±5cm, the GNs, TKW and grain yield were higher than broadcasting group, which verifies the feasibility of the planting pattern of (10+20) cm and the practicality of the deep topdressing applicator.

Abstract in Chinese

为实现冬小麦机械化追肥作业，本文提出了一种（10+20）cm宽窄行种植在20cm宽行内追肥的作业模式，以此为依据设计了深施追肥机。通过离散元仿真分析了开沟器对于土壤的扰动作用，通过加装精量排肥系统提高施肥均匀性，通过加装对行作业系统提高深施肥作业对行精度，通过田间实验对作业方案和样机性能进行了验证。仿真结果表明，当双圆盘开沟器结构参数为：直径350mm，圆盘夹角10°，圆盘偏角25°，在开沟深度为10cm时，土壤扰动范围为± (5-15) cm且有低于2cm的土壤垄起；当作业速度为3km/h，平地条件下追肥机具的对行作业偏差和接行作业偏差值基本分布在±3cm内。田间追肥试验表明：作业速度为3km/h，在宽窄行种植模式下追肥机可以实现在20cm宽行内进行10cm深施追肥作业且对行作业偏差基本分布在±5cm内。深施追肥组小麦穗粒数、千粒重及小麦产量均高于表层撒施组，表明宽窄行模式下冬小麦机械化深施追肥方案可行。