Authors

Abstract

Efficient cotton stalk recycling is crucial for agricultural sustainability. Traditional manual removal methods suffer from low efficiency and high labor intensity. Existing mechanical harvesters face limitations such as low removal rates, high stalk breakage rates, and significant omission rates. To address these challenges, this study focuses on optimizing a self-developed multi-row disc-type stalk puller. The conventional flat disc was redesigned into an obliquely angled disc with a bending angle. This 3D curved design enhances stalk constraint capability, thereby improving gripping stability and lifting height. A kinematic model was developed using the ADAMS dynamics simulation platform, revealing the relationships between motion trajectories and key structural parameters. Parametric analysis quantified the effects of disc diameter and bending angle on lifting height and working width. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design was implemented to evaluate the influence of speed ratio, disc diameter, and disc inclination on three performance indicators: removal rate (Y1), breakage rate (Y2), and omission rate (Y3). The results showed that for Y1 and Y3, the primary influencing factors, in order of importance, were: disc diameter > bending angle > speed ratio; for Y2, the order was: speed ratio > bending angle > disc diameter. The optimal parameter combination was determined to be: 600 mm disc diameter, 20° bending angle, and 0.7 speed ratio. Field tests achieved a pull-out rate of 95.7%, a breakage rate of 3.2%, and an omission rate of 1.1%. These findings provide both theoretical and technical support for enhancing the efficiency of mechanized cotton stalk harvesting.

Abstract in Chinese

棉秆高效回收对促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义，然而传统人工拔秆存在作业效率低、劳动强度大等问题，现有机械收获装置普遍存在拔净率低、断秆率高等技术瓶颈。针对现有棉花秸秆机械化收获存在的整株拔除率低、作业效率不高等问题，本研究基于自主研发的多行齿盘式拔秆机开展结构优化。通过将传统平面齿盘创新设计为带有折弯角的仰角齿盘结构，利用三维曲面增强茎秆约束能力，从机构学层面提升夹持稳定性和有效提拔高度。基于ADAMS动力学仿真平台，建立仰角齿盘运动学模型，揭示了运动轨迹与结构参数间的映射关系，通过参数化分析明确了齿盘直径、折弯角对提升高度和工作幅宽的量化影响规律。通过构建三因素三水平正交试验平台，系统研究速比、齿盘直径、齿盘倾角等关键参数对拔净率、拔断率和漏拔率的影响规律。试验结果表明：影响拔净率的参数从主到次排序为：齿盘直径＞折弯角度＞速比；影响漏拔率的参数从主到次排序为：齿盘直径＞折弯角度＞速比；影响拔断率的参数从主到次排序为：速比＞折弯角度＞齿盘直径。以拔除率为主要评价指标，得到最优参数组合是：齿盘直径=600mm、折弯角=20°、速比=0.7。验证结果表明，该参数组合下棉秆拔净率为95.7%、拔断率为3.2%、漏拔率为1.1%。研究成果为进一步提高棉秆拔净率提供了理论依据和技术支撑。