Authors

Abstract

To address the seeding difficulty and low precision of small sized vegetable seeds, a new precision seed metering device with separated seed picking and dropping functions was developed. The structure and working principle of the device were analyzed. The mass, three-axis dimensions, and angle of repose of three cabbage seed varieties were measured to analyze the statistical patterns of their orientation distribution. The structural parameters of key components including the seed picking wheel, seed dropping wheel, and separator plate were designed using numerical calculation methods. Bench performance tests were conducted for parameter optimization. The experiment adopted a quadratic orthogonal rotation composite design, with the working speed and tilt angle of the measuring device as experimental factors, and the qualified seed spacing index and coefficient of variation as evaluation indicators. The results indicated that when the working speed was 0.40-0.63 r/s and the tilt angle was 5.32-9.67°, the seeding qualified index can exceed 90% and the variation coefficient was smaller than 12%, meeting the requirements of good seeding standards. This study used a separated harvesting vegetable seed metering device to sow small vegetable seeds, providing a new concept and theoretical reference for precision vegetable seed metering devices.

Abstract in Chinese

针对小粒径蔬菜种子播种难度大，精度低等问题，研制一种新型取投分离式小粒径蔬菜种子精密排种器，分析排种器的结构和工作原理。分别测试三种甘蓝种子质量、三轴尺寸和自然休止角，并分析了姿态分布规律，利用数值计算方法，设计了取种轮盘、投种轮盘、分隔板等关键部件结构参数。通过台架性能试验进行参数优选，以排种器工作转速和倾斜角度为因素，播种粒距合格指数和变异系数为指标，采用多因素二次正交旋转组合设计试验。结果表明：排种器工作转速0.40~0.63 r/min，倾斜角度5.32~9.67°时，播种合格指数>90%，变异系数<12%，达到播种优等标准要求。该研究利用取投分离式排种器播种小粒径蔬菜种子，为蔬菜精密排种器的创制提供了新思路和理论参考。