Authors

Abstract

Aiming at the problems that the soil covering machine of the seeder is prone to, such as uneven soil covering thickness and seed position deviation, which affect the sowing quality under sandy loam soil conditions, an innovative disk-type soil covering device based on the bionic shape of the claw legs of sand crabs has been optimized and designed. In this study, the contour features of the pincers of sand crabs were extracted using MATLAB software and applied to the tooth profile design of the soil cover plate, aiming to improve their operational performance in sandy loam soil. This study analyzed the operation mechanism of the bionic soil covering device based on the characteristics of sandy loam soil and determined the key parameters affecting the soil covering effect, including the installation deflection angle, installation inclination angle and the distance between the openings at the back of the soil covering tray. Taking the qualified rate of soil cover thickness and the standard deviation of seed lateral displacement as evaluation indicators, and with the help of EDEM discrete element simulation technology, the interaction model of sandy loam - seed - bionic soil cover device was constructed, and the single-factor and Box-Behnken response surface experimental designs were systematically carried out. Through simulation analysis and optimization, the optimal parameter combination of the soil covering device suitable for sandy loam soil was determined as follows: installation deflection angle 21.3°, installation inclination angle 20.1°, and the opening spacing behind the soil covering tray 100.0mm. It has laid a foundation for the research on improving the uniformity of soil covering and the straightness of seed rows in the soil covering device of sandy loam soil seeders.

Abstract in Chinese

针对沙壤土条件下播种机覆土易出现覆土厚度不均、种子位置偏移等影响播种质量的问题，创新性地优化设计了一种基于沙蟹螯足齿形仿生的盘式覆土装置。本研究利用MATLAB软件提取了沙蟹螯足的轮廓特征，将其应用于覆土盘齿形设计，旨在提升其在沙壤土中的作业性能。本研究基于沙壤土特性分析了仿生覆土装置的作业机理，确定了影响覆土效果的关键参数，包括安装偏角、安装倾角和覆土盘后方开口间距。以覆土厚度合格率和种子横向位移标准差作为评价指标，借助EDEM离散元仿真技术，构建了沙壤土-种子-仿生覆土装置的互作模型，系统开展了单因素与Box-Behnken响应面试验设计。通过仿真分析与优化，确定了适用于沙壤土的覆土装置最优参数组合为：安装偏角21.3°、安装倾角 20.1°、覆土盘后方开口间距100.0mm。为研究改善沙壤土播种机覆土装置的覆土均匀性与种行直线度奠定了基础。