Authors

Abstract

Aimed at mitigating the elevated leakage rate and multiple rate, as well as unstable plant spacing observed during high-speed (5–8 km/h) operation of potato planters, this study designs the key components of a spoon-type potato seed metering device. The primary configuration and operating principle of the metering device are presented, and the critical components involved in the metering process are subjected to theoretical analysis and structural design. To identify the optimum operating parameters, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal test was performed with seed belt linear speed, seed-spoon opening diameter, and seed-box inclination angle as experimental factors and leakage rate and multiple rate as evaluation indicators, thereby optimizing the high-speed potato seed metering device. The experimental results indicated that, at 5.38 km/h, the device performed best when the seed belt linear speed was 0.42 m/s, the seed-spoon opening diameter was 58.34 mm, and the seed-box inclination angle was 10°, resulting in a leakage rate of 3.68% and a multiple rate of 4.07%.The comparison experiments demonstrated that, at 5.38 km/h, the curved guide plate decreased the leakage rate by 1.31 percentage points, the multiple rate by 0.45 percentage points, and the plant-spacing coefficient of variation by 5.02 percentage points. Field experiments indicated that the high-speed potato seed metering device attained a leakage rate of 4.35%, a multiple rate of 4.72%, and a plant-spacing coefficient of variation of 13.51%, providing a basis for the optimization design of high-speed seed metering devices.

Abstract in Chinese

针对目前马铃薯播种机在5-8km/h高速作业情况时，存在漏重播率高、株距不稳定的问题，本文对带勺式马铃薯播种机排种装置关键部件进行设计。阐述了排种装置的主要结构和工作原理，对排种过程中关键部件进行了理论分析与结构设计。为研究排种装置的最佳工作参数，以排种带速度、种勺直径和种箱倾角为试验因素，漏播率和重播率为评价指标，开展三因素三水平正交试验，对马铃薯高速排种装置进行了参数优化设计。试验结果表明，在作业速度5.38km/h条件下，排种带速度为0.42 m/s，种勺直径为58.34mm，种箱倾角为10°，排种装置性能最优，漏播率为3.68%，重播率为4.07%。通过对比试验结果表明，在作业速度5.38km/h条件下，使用弧形导向板时，排种装置漏播率降低1.31个百分点，重播率降低了0.45个百分点，株距变异系数降低5.02个百分点。田间试验结果表明，马铃薯高速排种装置漏播率为4.35%，重播率为4.72%，株距变异系数为13.51%，研究结果可为高速排种装置优化设计提供参考。