Authors

Abstract

To address the low level of standardization in cassava planting and the poor operational performance of existing harvesting machinery in China, this study proposes a wide-ridge, double-row cassava planting pattern that integrates current agronomic practices with harvesting requirements. Based on this planting pattern, a double-row vibrating cassava harvester was designed, and its overall structure and key parameters were determined. Using analytical methods, the displacement equation and motion-trajectory equation of the digging-shovel tip were established, and the corresponding motion-trajectory plots were generated using MATLAB. The cutting, lifting, and impact interactions between the digging shovel and the soil/cassava–soil complex were theoretically analyzed. Field tests of the prototype showed that its pure working productivity reached ≥ 0.52 hm²/h, the clean-root rate was ≥ 97.33%, the damaged-root rate was ≤ 1.43%, and the total loss rate was ≤ 2.67%. The results demonstrate that the double-row vibrating cassava harvester operates stably and reliably. The vibrating digging shovel exhibits strong soil-breaking ability and enables rapid and effective separation of cassava from the soil. All performance indicators meet or exceed the design specifications.

Abstract in Chinese

针对中国现有木薯收获机械挖掘阻力大、薯土分离效果差、伤薯率高、收获效率低、适用机型少以及木薯种植模式标准化程度低等问题，通过前期调研和对现有木薯种植农艺研究，制定了大垄双行木薯种植模式，结合制定的种植模式设计了双行振动式木薯收获机。根据经验设计法和初代样机试验，完成了专用齿轮箱、动力振动装置和挖掘铲组件等关键部件及整机结构设计与参数确定。通过解析法建立了挖掘铲铲尖角位移方程和运动轨迹方程，以收获机前进速度和齿轮箱后输出轴转速为自变量，利用Matlab软件获取了铲尖的运动轨迹图像，并从理论上分析了收获机挖掘铲对土壤及薯土复合体之间的切削、抬升和撞击的运动过程。进行了样机田间试验，在拖拉机后输出轴转速为540 r/min,前进速度分别为0.87 m/s和1.10 m/s时，样机纯工作小时生产率为0.52 hm2/h和0.65 hm2/h，明薯率为97.33%和98.68%、伤薯率为1.43%和1.12%、总损失率为2.67%和1.32%。试验结果表明，双行振动式木薯收获机工作稳定可靠，振动挖掘铲碎土效果好，薯土分离迅速、彻底，各项性能指标均达到或优于设计要求。