Authors

Abstract

With the continuous increase in the volume of goods produced, the need to develop high-capacity road transport vehicles that can distribute this volume to various destinations has also increased. The increase in transport capacities involves technical equipment that can take over these capacities. Among the structural components of the mentioned systems, an important role is played by the running system, which at high transport capacities must be equipped with three/four axles. For the most efficient running and with acceptable efforts and wear, especially when entering corners, these running systems must be equipped with one/two self-steering axles, built in such a way as to take over certain additional demands that arise compared to rigid axles. Most of the constructive and functional solutions adopted by established manufacturers for self-steering running system include data resulting from their own research, less widely disseminated, intellectually protected, based on testing, starting from known concepts and previous experience. This paper presents theoretical and experimental research of an alternative way of approaching the concept, by performing an analysis of the kinematics of the self-steering axle when passing over bumps, following which the constructive and functional running parameters will be evaluated, the effects that occur and ways to mitigate or eliminate vertical and transverse oscillations of the axle as well as conclusions and recommendations for manufacturers. The values of the recorded vertical oscillations ranged between 40-80 mm for unevenness between 25-100 mm speeds between 0.5-5 m/s and the transverse ones between 30-10 mm, under the same conditions.

Abstract in Romanian

Odata cu cresterea continua a volumului de marfuri produs, a crescut si necesitatea dezvoltarii de mijloace tehnice rutiere de transport de mare capacitate care sa distribuie acest volum la diverse destinatii. Cresterea capacitatilor de transport implica echipamente tehnice care sa poata prelua aceste capacitati. Dintre elementele constructive componente ale sistemelor mentionate, un rol important in are sistemul de rulare, care la capacitati mari de transport, trebuie echipate cu trei/patru axe. Pentru o rulare cat mai eficienta si cu eforturi si uzuri acceptabile, mai ales la inscrierea in viraje, aceste sisteme de rulare trebuie echipate cu una/doua axe autodirectionale, construite astfel incat sa preia anumite solicitari suplimentare care apar faţă de axele rigide. Majoritatea soluţiilor constructive şi funcţionale adoptate de către producătorii consacraţi pentru trenurile de rulare autodirecţionale includ date rezultate din cercetările proprii, mai putin diseminate pe scară largă, protejate intelectual, bazate pe testări, pornind de concepte cunoscute și experiența anterioară. In aceasta lucrare sunt prezentate cercetări teoretice si experimentale ale unei modalități alternative de abordare a conceptului, prin realizarea unei analize a cinematicii osiei autodirectionale la trecerea peste denivelări, in urma căreia se vor evalua parametrii constructivi si functionali de rulare, efectele apărute si modalităţi de atenuare sau eliminare a oscilaţiilor verticale şi transversale ale axei precum şi concluzii şi recomandări pentru producători. Valorile oscilaţiilor verticale înregistrate încadrându-se între 40-80 mm pentru denivelări între 25-100 mm şi viteze între 0.5-5 m/s iar cele transversale între 30-10mm, în aceleasi condiţii.