Authors

Abstract

To address the issues of high operating resistance and insufficient soil-loosening performance encountered by winged deep-loosening shovels in strip-tillage fertilization machines, a bionic optimization design for the shovel wing was carried out based on a medium-sized winged deep-loosening shovel. A mechanical contact model between the shovel wing and soil was established to analyze the forces acting on the wing and the soil above it, as well as the soil disturbance characteristics induced by the wing. Following the principles of bionics, the head morphology of the hammerhead shark was extracted and used to derive a characteristic geometric equation, which was then applied to the bionic redesign of the shovel wing. Using discrete element simulation technology, a deep-loosening shovel-soil interaction model was constructed. Comparative experiments on wings of different shapes showed that the bionic-optimized wing reduces operating resistance and increases soil disturbance area compared with the conventional wing. Simulation results indicated that the bionic wing achieved an average soil disturbance area of 1635.63 cm² and an average operating resistance of 1143.76 N. Finally, bench validation tests were conducted, demonstrating an average actual soil disturbance area of 1648.20 cm² and an average actual operating resistance of 1102.01 N, results which fall within the allowable error range. Therefore, the bionic shovel wing meets the operational requirements.

Abstract in Chinese

针对于条带少耕施肥机带翼式深松铲作业时作业阻力大、铲翼对土壤的松动效果不明显等问题，基于中型带翼式深松铲进行铲翼仿生优化设计。建立了铲翼与土壤间的力学接触模型，分析铲翼以及铲翼上方土壤受力情况，分析铲翼对土壤的扰动情况。应用仿生学原理，对双髻鲨头部特征进行提取，得出头部特征方程，根据特征方程进行铲翼仿生设计。应用离散元仿真技术，建立了深松铲-土壤仿真模型，通过对不同形状铲翼作业效果对比试验，确定了仿生优化后的铲翼相较于普通形状铲翼可以降低作业阻力增大土壤扰动面积。试验结果表明：仿生铲翼土壤扰动面积仿真平均值为1635.63cm2，作业阻力仿真平均值为1143.76N。最后进行台架验证试验，台架验证试验表明：仿生铲翼实际土壤扰动面积平均值为1648.20cm2，实际作业阻力平均值为1102.01N，满足数据误差范围，仿生铲翼符合作业要求。