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Topic

Technologies and technical equipment for agriculture and food industry

Volume

Volume 77 / No. 3 / 2025

Pages : 204-214

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STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TEFF [ERAGROSTIS TEF] SEEDLING RELEVANT TO TRANSPLANTER DEVELOPMENT

የጤፍ ፊዚካል እና መካኒካል ባህርያት (ERAGROSTIS TEF (ZUCC.) TROTTER) ከጤፍ ችግኝ ትራንስፕላንተር ልማት ጋር ተዛማጅነት ያላቸው ሁኔታዎች ጥናት

DOI : https://doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-77-16

Authors

(*) Yonas LEMMA

Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR)

Kishor KOLHE

Adama Science and Technology University

Amana WAKO

Adama Science and Technology University

(*) Corresponding authors:

ydemi0924@gmail.com |

Yonas LEMMA

Abstract

Teff (Eragrostis tef), a staple crop in Ethiopia and an emerging global superfood, is increasingly being cultivated through transplanting to improve yield and resource efficiency. The development of efficient teff transplanting machinery requires a thorough understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of teff seedlings. This study investigated the physical and mechanical characteristics of four teff varieties (Quncho, Dukem, Tseday, and the local variety Gemechis) at 20, 25, and 30 days after sowing. The analyzed parameters included seedling weight, height, stem diameter, moisture content, tensile strength, shear stress, and coefficient of friction. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted using Statistix 10 and MATLAB 2024b, and results were expressed as mean values for each parameter. The findings revealed that as the seedlings matured, their weight, height, stem diameter, tensile strength, and shear stress increased, whereas moisture content decreased. The measured tensile strength values were as follows: Quncho (12.17±0.053 N, 14.46±0.964 N, and 18.297±0.577 N), Dukem (12.36±0.058 N, 14.597±1.11 N, and 18.763±0.57 N), Tseday (12.66±0.057 N, 14.097±0.81 N, and 17.9±1.155 N), and Local (Gemechis) (12.18±0.057 N, 14.32±0.764 N, and 19.12±0.012 N) for 20-, 25-, and 30-day-old seedlings, respectively. All tensile strength values exceeded the forces applied by the transplanter, indicating that seedlings of these four teff varieties possess adequate strength and resilience, making them suitable for the design and development of mechanical teff transplanters.

Abstract in Amharic

አህፅርኦት ጤፍ (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) ፣ በኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ ዋነኛ ሰብል እና ታዳጊ ዋና ምግብ፣ የምርት እና የሀብት ቅልጥፍናን ለማሳደግ በመትከል የተሻለ ምርት እያስገኘ ነው። ለጤፍ ንቅለ ተከላ ቀልጣፋ ማሽነሪ የጤፍ ችግኞችን መሰረታዊ አካላዊ እና ሜካኒካል ባህሪያት መረዳትን ይጠይቃል። ይህ ጥናት ከተዘራ በኋላ ባሉት 20፣ 25 እና 30 ቀናት ውስጥ የአራት የጤፍ ዝርያዎችን (ቁንጮ፣ ዱከም፣ ፀደይ እና የአካባቢ ዝርያ” ገመቺስ) አካላዊ እና መካኒካል ባህሪያትን በመገምገም ክብደትን፣ ቁመትን፣ ግንድ ዲያሜትርን፣ የእርጥበት መጠንን፣ የመሸከም አቅምን፣ የመቆራረጥን እና የግጭት መጠንን ይገመግማል። ገላጭ ስታቲስቲካዊ ትንታኔ በስታቲስቲክስ 10 እና ማትላብ 2024b ሶፍትዌር በመጠቀም የተከናወነ ሲሆን ውጤቶቹ ለተለያዩ መለኪያዎች እንደ አማካይ እሴቶች ቀርበዋል ። የዚህ ጥናት ውጤት እንደሚያሳየው ችግኞች እየበሰለ ሲሄዱ ክብደታቸው፣ ቁመታቸው፣ ዲያሜትራቸው፣ የመሸከም አቅማቸው እና የመቁረጥ ውጥረታቸው እየጨመረ ሲሄድ የእርጥበት መጠን እየቀነሰ ነው። የጤፍ ችግኝ የመሸከም ጥንካሬ 12.17±0.053 N, 14.46±0.964 N, እና 18.297±0.577 N በ20, 25, እና 30 ቀናቶች ለቁንቾ ዝርያ; 12.36 ± 0.058 N, 14.597 ± 1.11 N, እና 18.763 ± 0.57 N በ 20, 25 እና 30 ቀናት ውስጥ ለዱከም ልዩነት; 12.66±0.057 N, 14.097±0.81 N, እና 17.9±1.155 N በ 20, 25 እና 30 ቀናት ውስጥ ለጸደይ ልዩነት; እና 12.18±0.057 N፣ 14.32±0.764 N፣ እና 19.12±0.012 N በ20፣ 25 እና 30 ቀናት ለአካባቢው ልዩነት። እነዚህ ሁሉ እሴቶች በማሽኑ ከተተገበረው ኃይል የሚበልጡ ሲሆን ይህም የአራቱ የጤፍ ዝርያዎች ችግኞች ደህንነቱ የተጠበቀ እና ተመሳሳይ የጥንካሬ ባህሪ ያላቸው በመሆናቸው የጤፍ ሰብሎችን ንቅለ ተከላ ለመንደፍ ምቹ ያደርጋቸዋል።


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