Authors

Abstract

Aging apple orchards in China are characterized by frequent pest and disease outbreaks, low suitability for mechanized operations, and an imbalance between production inputs and economic returns. In addition, orchard renovation is associated with high labor intensity, a lack of standardized operational procedures, and insufficient specialized equipment, which collectively constrain the green and high-quality development of the apple industry. This study aims to systematically review the technologies and equipment for the renovation of aging apple orchards and to establish a comprehensive technical framework to improve operational efficiency and standardization. Based on literature published between 1995 and 2025, a systematic and structured literature review was conducted with a focus on orchard renovation technologies and mechanized equipment. The results indicate that mechanized renovation technologies can improve operational efficiency by approximately 30%–60% while reducing labor demand by more than 40%. In addition, equipment systems significantly enhance process continuity and standardization. However, limitations remain in terms of adaptability to complex terrain, insufficient integration of technologies, and high operational costs. In conclusion, future development should prioritize intelligent, integrated, and adaptable equipment to support efficient and sustainable orchard renovation. This study provides a systematic reference for optimizing renovation practices and promoting the modernization and high-quality development of the apple industry.

Abstract in Chinese

中国老龄化苹果园存在病虫害多发、机械化生产困难、投入与经济效益不匹配的问题，且果园改造劳动力强度大、缺乏标准化操作流程、专业设备不足，严重制约了苹果产业的绿色和高质量发展。本研究旨在系统梳理针对老龄苹果园的翻新技术与设备，建立完整的技术和设备框架，为提升作业效率和标准化水平提供技术指导。本研究基于1995年至2025年间的文献资料，重点聚焦于果园改良技术与机械化设备，进行了结构化文献综述。结果显示，机械化翻新技术可将作业效率提升约30%至60%，并降低劳动力需求超过40%，同时集成设备系统显著增强了流程的连续性和标准化程度。然而，设备对复杂地形的适应性、技术整合的不足以及高昂的运营成本等方面仍存在局限性。综上所述，未来应侧重发展智能化、集成化且具有适应性的装备，以支撑高效且可持续的果园翻新工作。本研究为优化改造实践并推动苹果产业现代化发展提供了系统性的参考依据。本研究为老龄果园翻新及促进苹果产业高质量发展提供了系统性的参考。