Authors

Abstract

A significant proportion of aging apple orchards in China face challenges in mechanized production and an imbalance between input and economic return. Renovation efforts are further hindered by high labor intensity, a lack of standardized procedures, and limited specialized equipment, constraining the sustainable and high-quality development of the apple industry. This study aims to provide systematic technical guidance for renovating aging, low-efficiency orchards, enhancing standardization and operational efficiency, and supporting sustainable industry growth. Based on current conditions and practical renovation needs, key technologies and equipment for orchard renewal were investigated and summarized. The renovation process was systematically analyzed according to the overall workflow, encompassing tree removal, soil improvement, and land preparation in old orchards, as well as pre-planting soil operations, support and protection systems, and tree planting in new orchard establishment. A comprehensive technical and equipment framework for orchard renovation was established. Core challenges, including insufficient equipment adaptability and low technological integration, were identified, and future trends toward integrated and intelligent machinery were proposed. This study provides a systematic reference to improve orchard renewal practices and enhance the quality and efficiency of the apple industry.

Abstract in Chinese

中国老龄化苹果园存在病虫害多发、机械化生产困难、投入与经济效益不匹配的问题，且果园改造劳动力强度大、缺乏标准化操作流程、专业设备不足，严重制约了苹果产业的绿色和高质量发展。本研究旨在为老化及低效率果园的改造提供系统性的技术参考，提高改造操作的标准化和效率，并促进苹果产业的可持续发展。根据当前中国老化苹果园的现状和实际翻新需求，对果园翻新所涉及的关键设备和技术进行了研究和总结。根据整个工作流程，对标准化翻新过程进行了系统分析和组织，涵盖了旧果园中的树木移除、土壤改良和土地准备，以及新果园建立中的土壤预处理、支撑和保护系统以及树木种植。建立了果园翻新完整的技术和设备框架。识别了设备适应性不足和技术集成度低等核心问题，并提出了未来向集成和智能机械发展的趋势。本研究为改善果园更新实践以及促进苹果产业质量和效率的提升提供了系统性的参考。