Authors

Abstract

In response to the difficulties and unsatisfactory performance of existing trenching machines in forming circular trenches for fertilization in citrus orchards, a novel ring-shaped trenching machine designed for around-tree operation was developed. The overall structure and working principle of the machine are presented, and the key components—including the drive system, trenching unit, lifting mechanism of the trenching head, and transmission reducer—were designed and theoretically analyzed. Stability analysis of the machine shows that the limiting overturning angle and slip angle are 53.9° and 34.8°, respectively, indicating that the machine meets the operational requirements of citrus orchard conditions. Considering the soil characteristics of citrus orchards, the optimal working parameters were determined through EDEM simulation: a trench depth of 250 mm, cutter head rotational speed of 190 r/min, and travel speed of 0.565 km/h. Field performance tests conducted on a prototype showed that the average radius of the circular trench was 138 cm, and the trench depth stability coefficient reached 91.8%. The operational performance of the machine meets the agronomic requirements for circular trench fertilization in citrus orchards and complies with the relevant standards for orchard trenching and fertilization equipment.

Abstract in Chinese

针对柑橘果园环沟施肥作业中，现有开沟机存在开环形沟困难、开环形沟效果不理想等问题，设计了一款柑橘果园绕树环形开沟机。阐述了整机结构与工作原理，开展了驱动装置、开沟装置、开沟头升降装置、牙嵌式离合机构、传动减速器各关键部件的设计与理论分析。对整机稳定性进行分析，其极限倾翻角、滑移角分别为53.9°和34.8°，整机满足柑橘果园作业环境；结合柑橘果园土壤环境，通过EDEM软件仿真，确定了最优工作参数：开沟深度250 mm，刀头转速190 r/min，行进速度0.565 km/h，样机试制后田间性能试验显示，开环形沟半径均值为138 cm，开环形沟深度稳定性系数为91.8%。整机作业质量满足柑橘果园开环沟施肥农艺要求，满足果园开沟施肥机作业质量标准。