Authors

Abstract

In rice stubble fields with heavy clay soil and full straw retention, conventional tillage practices struggle to create a suitable seedbed for rapeseed blanket seedling transplanting. To address this, a novel integrated device was developed, employing reversed rotary tillage for straw crushing and soil fragmentation, midline ditch clearing with side soil throwing, and bed leveling with slit cutting. Key components, including the reversed rotary blade arrangement, ditch-cleaning shovel, and leveling-slit roller, were theoretically designed and parametrically optimized. Field experiments based on response surface methodology were conducted to evaluate the effects of forward speed, rotary blade speed, and leveling roller speed on soil fragmentation rate, straw incorporation rate, and surface levelness. The optimal operating parameters were determined as follows: forward speed of 0.8m/s, rotary blade speed of 243 r/min, and leveling roller speed of 180 r/min. Under these conditions, the soil fragmentation rate reached 98.92%, straw incorporation rate was 87.81%, and surface levelness was 15.14 mm. The proposed device effectively enhances seedbed quality in sticky, straw-rich paddy fields, providing a reliable technical solution for mechanized transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings.

Abstract in Chinese

在粘重土壤和全秸秆还田的稻茬地，传统耕作方法难以为油菜毯状苗移栽创造合适的苗床。针对这一问题，开发了一种新型苗床整地装置，采用反旋碎秸，中间开沟、平畦切缝平整苗床。对关键部件，包括反向旋耕刀排列、清沟铲和平土辊进行了理论设计和参数优化。基于响应曲面法进行田间试验，以评估前进速度、旋耕刀速度和平土辊速度对土壤破碎率、秸秆掩埋率和地表平整度的影响。结果显示最佳参数为:前进速度0.8 m/s，旋转刀片速度243 r/min，平整辊速度180 r/min。在此条件下，碎土率达到98.92%，秸秆掩埋率达到87.81%，地表平整度达到15.14 mm。该装置有效地提高了黏重土壤秸秆全量还田的苗床质量，为油菜毯状苗机械化移栽提供了可靠的技术解决方案。