Authors

Abstract

To solve the problems of a high damage rate and low seedling picking success rate caused by adhesion between seedlings and plugs when picking up seedlings with an automatic transplanter, this study proposed a pre-separation method based on airflow impact. This method involves separating the plug seedlings from the cell with minimal loss in advance, using the airflow impact force before the seedling claw clamps down. Based on this, a pre-separation mechanism for plug seedlings was designed. By establishing a mechanical model of the airflow impact force, the influence of air pressure and nozzle aperture on the separation effect was revealed, and parameter optimization was guided. Taking 50-day-old tomato seedlings in plugs as the object, the mechanism parameters were optimized and the operational effectiveness verified. Test results showed that, with an optimal combination of a 5 mm nozzle aperture and 125 kPa air pressure, the mechanism achieved a 93.3% separation success rate in pre-separating plug seedlings, while the air-blowing pre-separation grip seedling test bench achieved a 94.4% seedling picking success rate and a 1.4% damage rate. This research confirms that air-blowing pre-separation effectively eliminates the adhesion force between the plug seedling and the cell and significantly reduces seedling damage, providing technical support for the development of a low-damage seedling picking mechanism for automatic vegetable transplanters.

Abstract in Chinese

为解决自动移栽机取苗时因钵苗-钵体间黏附力导致的高损伤率和低取苗成功率的问题，本研究提出基于气流冲击的钵苗预分离方法。该方法利用气流冲击力在取苗爪夹紧前，将育苗盘中的钵苗与钵体预先分离，最大限度减少钵苗损伤。据此设计了钵苗预分离机构，并通过建立气流冲击力的力学模型，揭示了气压与喷嘴孔径对分离效果的影响规律，为参数优化提供依据。以50天龄番茄育苗盘苗为研究对象，完成了机构参数优化并验证了机构工作效能。试验结果表明，在喷嘴孔径5mm与气压125kPa的最优组合下，该装置的钵苗预分离成功率达93.3%；基于气吹预分离的取苗试验台的取苗成功率为94.4%，损伤率为1.4%。本研究证实气吹预分离技术能有效消除钵苗与钵体之间的粘附力，显著降低幼苗损伤率，为开发低损伤型自动蔬菜移栽机采苗机构提供了技术支持。