Authors

Abstract

To address the limitations of traditional water quality detection systems—such as high costs and inadequate real-time performance—this study proposes an innovative, multi-source sensor collaborative monitoring solution tailored for agricultural water environments. Centered on an STM32F103 microcontroller, the system features a four-layer hardware architecture (“sensor acquisition-signal processing-human-machine interaction-wireless communication”) built around a high-precision TLV2462 differential amplifier. It integrates DS18B20 temperature, infrared turbidity, and composite pH sensors, making it suitable for farmland irrigation, aquaculture, and rural water systems. A dedicated mobile application enables real-time dynamic monitoring of key water quality parameters. Testing confirms the system’s stable 5V operation, with a rapid response and data refresh cycle of ≤2s and a TDS measurement fluctuation within ±5%, significantly outperforming conventional equipment. This system provides crucial real-time data for agricultural non-point source pollution control and offers significant technical value for ensuring irrigation water safety, developing smart agricultural water management, assessing pollution status, and formulating effective pollution mitigation strategies.

Abstract in Chinese

传统检测系统存在成本高昂、实时性不足等局限，难以满足现代水环境管理对高效性、时效性与智能化的需求。本研究以STM32F103微控制器为核心控制单元，提出多源传感协同监测的创新方案：基于高精密运算放大器TLV2462构建差动信号放大电路，设计“传感采集-信号处理-人机交互-无线通信”四层硬件架构，集成DS18B20温度传感器、红外浊度传感器及复合pH电极，形成面向环境监测的嵌入式水质检测系统。通过传感器精度校准、电磁兼容性测试及系统联调，开发移动端APP实现水质参数的实时动态监测。测试表明，系统在5V供电条件下运行稳定，响应时间与数据刷新周期均≤2s，TDS测量波动率控制在±5%以内，显著优于传统设备性能，可适配多场景水质监测需求。该系统可为水污染防治行动计划的实施提供实时数据支撑，对保障饮用水安全、构建智慧水务体系、评估水体污染状况及制定复合污染防控策略具有重要技术参考价值。