Authors

Abstract

To address the limitations of current rice straw collection methods in China—where straw left in the field for subsequent collection is prone to soil contamination and significant losses, while non-falling harvesting combined with simultaneous baling results in low bale density and reduced harvesting efficiency—a device for simultaneous crushing and spraying of rice straw during harvesting was designed. The device integrates harvesting, straw crushing, spraying, and a vehicle-mounted baling system. Key structural parameters were determined based on the feed rate of the rice combine harvester. Four performance indicators were defined to evaluate straw crushing quality, spraying performance, and straw loss: crushing rate, straw spray mass flow rate, straw spray range, and leakage ratio. To validate the performance of the proposed device, field experiments were conducted during the rice harvesting season in Anhui Province, China, using both conventional and brittle rice varieties. Straw samples were collected before and after crushing, and the crushing rate and segment length distribution uniformity were measured. The experimental results showed that, at normal harvesting speeds, the crushing rate of Yong you 4901 reached 74.75%, while that of Ke Cui Geng No. 1 reached 96.97%, both satisfying the silage feed cutting length requirement of ≤10mm. The straw spray mass flow rate reached 5.30 kg/s, meeting the design requirement of ≥1.67 kg/s. The average spreading width was 2.92 m, with a maximum spray distance of 7.71 m, meeting the long-range spray design specification. Straw leakage accounted for 10.26%, indicating a relatively minor level of material loss. These results demonstrate that the proposed rice straw crushing and spraying device exhibits excellent crushing performance and long-range, concentrated spraying capability without adversely affecting normal rice harvesting efficiency. This study provides a useful reference for the design of efficient and low-cost rice straw collection equipment.

Abstract in Chinese

针对目前中国水稻秸秆田间落地再捡拾收集方式易混入土块、损耗大，不落地收获同步打捆收集捆扎密度低且影响收获作业效率等问题，基于联合收获+粉碎抛送+车载装箱模式，设计了一种水稻收获秸秆同步粉碎抛送装置。根据水稻收割机的喂入量确定了该装置的关键结构参数，定义了秸秆粉碎率、秸秆抛送量、秸秆抛洒范围、秸秆漏洒占比四个指标来评价该装置的秸秆粉碎质量、抛送性能并量化秸秆漏洒程度。为验证该装置的性能，在中国安徽省水稻收获期间分别选择常规和脆性两种水稻品种进行了田间试验，采集粉碎前后的秸秆样本，并测量秸秆粉碎率、秸秆长度分布均匀性，测量结果表明：正常机收作业速度下，甬优4901水稻秸秆粉碎合格率为74.75%，科脆梗一号脆杆水稻粉碎合格率为96.97%，均满足青贮饲料切段长度≤10mm 的要求；秸秆抛送量达 5.30kg/s，达到设计值不小于1.67kg/s的要求; 抛洒范围幅宽平均 2.92m，极限抛送距离 7.71m，满足远距抛送的设计要求;秸秆漏洒占比为 10.26%，秸秆漏洒较小。研究结果表明，设计的水稻收获秸秆同步粉碎抛送装置，在不影响正常水稻收获作业效率下，具有良好的粉碎性能和远距集中抛送能力，该研究可为水稻秸秆的高效低成本收集装备设计提供参考。