Authors

Abstract

To address the high threshing loss rate and significant seed breakage during mechanized sesame harvesting, a threshing device suitable for combine sesame harvesters was designed. The threshing characteristics and mechanical requirements of sesame were analyzed, and a method in which threshing drums and concave screens operate in tandem was proposed. Based on the structural parameters of sesame capsules and the requirements of the threshing process, a segmented rib-bar + bar-tooth combination differential drum was designed. The device employs low-speed rib-tooth kneading for threshing, reducing seed damage in the main threshing section, while the high-speed section uses bar-tooth impact action for threshing, reducing seed carryover loss. Field trials were conducted using an innovatively developed sesame combine harvester prototype, with loss rate, impurity content, and seed breakage rate evaluated as key indicators. The results indicate that the designed threshing device achieved a threshing loss rate of 4.09%, a grain breakage rate of 1.98%, and an impurity rate of 1.81%, all meeting the requirements for mechanized sesame harvesting. These findings provide valuable support for the design of combine harvesting equipment for small-seeded crops such as sesame.

Abstract in Chinese

为解决芝麻机械化收获过程中脱粒损失率高、破碎率大的问题，设计了一种适用于芝麻联合收获机的脱粒装置。调研分析了芝麻作物的脱粒特性及机械脱粒要求，提出了脱粒滚筒与凹板筛协同作业的方法，并基于芝麻蒴果的结构参数和脱粒工艺要求，设计了分段式纹杆+杆齿组合式差速滚筒，装置以低速段纹杆齿的揉搓进行脱粒，降低主脱粒段的籽粒损伤，高速段采用杆齿的打击作用脱粒，降低籽粒的夹带损失率。以损失率、含杂率和籽粒破碎率为指标，通过创新研制的芝麻联合收割机样机开展了田间试验。试验结果表明：所设计的脱离装置脱粒损失率为4.09%，籽粒破碎率为1.98%，含杂率1.81%，均满足芝麻机械化收获作业要求。研究结果可为芝麻等小籽粒作物联合收获装备设计提供支持。