Authors

Abstract

To address the problems of unstable sowing depth and poor system coordination in corn precision sowing operations, an integrated monitoring and control system was developed. The system achieves closed-loop control of sowing depth by applying controllable downward pressure via a hydraulic circuit, combined with feedback from pin-type pressure and angle sensors. A coupled cooperative controller (SPC-SFMC-X2214A) was implemented to connect the tractor and planter CAN networks, enabling navigation data parsing and fault linkage. A CODESYS-based interface was developed for real-time data visualization and parameter configuration. Field tests showed that at operating speeds of 6–10 km/h, the sowing control error remained ≤2.00%. The response time of the seeding rate was 0.85 s (for 90–225 kg/hm²), exceeding the design requirement of less than 1 s. The developed system provides an intelligent and adaptive solution for improving the quality of corn precision planting.

Abstract in Chinese

针对玉米精量播种作业中存在的播深不稳定、多系统协同性差、作业质量难以实时监测等问题，本文设计并开发了一套集成化的玉米精量播种机播种作业质量监测系统，该系统通过液压回路（含比例减压阀、液压缸）对播种单体四连杆仿形装置施加可控下压力，并集成轴销式压力传感器与角度传感器，实时监测下压力与限深轮拐臂角度，进而实现播深的闭环反馈控制。其次，开发了基于SPC-SFMC-X2214A控制器的耦合协同控制器，作为连接无人驾驶拖拉机CAN网络与播种机CAN网络的枢纽，实现了导航指令解析、液压阀组控制、故障报警联动等跨平台协同功能。最后，基于CODESYS平台开发了上位机显示终端软件，集成了北斗导航信息、播种/施肥参数、播深/下压力实时曲线、多类报警信息等显示与设置功能，提供了直观的人机交互界面。为验证系统性能，进行了播种作业控制精度与播种量响应时间田间试验。结果表明：在6km/h、8km/h和10km/h三种前进速度下，系统播种作业控制误差分别为1.33%、1.23%和2.00%，最大误差不超过2.00%，满足设计要求；播种量调整（90~225 kg/hm²范围）的系统响应时间为0.85秒，小于1秒的设计指标，响应迅速。本研究开发的系统实现了播种深度自适应调节、作业状态实时监测与多系统智能协同，有效提升了玉米精量播种的作业质量与控制精度，为智能播种装备的研发提供了可行的技术方案。