Authors

Abstract

To address the problems of high ear loss rate and kernel breakage during the harvesting process of small-plot corn harvesters, this study optimized the material of the crop gathering chain based on the existing ear-stripping device of the corn harvester header. The rotational speed of the crop gathering chain was determined according to the corn row spacing and the forward operating speed of the harvester. This configuration ensures that when the harvester advances by one row spacing, the teeth of the crop gathering chain move to the next tooth position, thereby reducing material loss and minimizing ear loss. A virtual orthogonal experiment was conducted using three test factors: machine forward speed, crop gathering chain material, and ear-stripping roller rotational speed. The optimal parameter combination was determined as follows: machine forward speed of 0.83 m/s, crop gathering chain material composed of alloy steel + rubber, and ear-stripping roller rotational speed of 260 r/min. Under these conditions, the ear loss rate was 0.568%, effectively ensuring low-loss ear-stripping performance.

Abstract in Chinese

针对玉米小区收获机在收获过程中存在果穗损失率高、籽粒破碎率大的问题，在现有的玉米收获机割台摘穗装置的基础上，优化了拨禾链的材料，并根据玉米的种植株距、收获机工作速度设置了拨禾链转速，使得收获机经过一玉米种植株距，拨禾链拨齿就转到下一拨齿，既保证了资源不浪费，又使果穗损失率降到最低。并以机器前进速度、拨禾链材料、摘穗辊转速三因素为试验因素，通过虚拟正交试验，计算得到最佳组合为机器前进速度0.83m/s、拨禾链材料为合金钢+橡胶、摘穗辊转速260r/min，此时的果穗损失率为0.568%，有效保证低损摘穗作业。