Authors

Abstract

This review synthesizes advances in tobacco transplanting machinery, with particular emphasis on regional adaptation, automated seedling handling, planting mechanisms, coupled modeling, intelligent sensing, and field robustness. High-throughput automation is well suited to standardized production, whereas hilly tobacco-growing areas require compact, maneuverable, and agronomically adaptable machines. Recent advances include compliant seedling-picking devices, buffered conveying, zero-relative-velocity planting, machine–soil–seedling modeling, machine vision, and digital twins. Persistent constraints include seedling variability, adhesive soils, slope-induced chassis disturbances, sensing degradation, and life-cycle cost. Future systems should integrate nursery standards, compliant mechanisms, robust perception, decision-oriented digital twins, and lightweight modular electrification.

Abstract in Chinese

烟草移栽是连接育苗与大田生产的劳动密集型环节；丘陵碎片化地块、黏重红壤以及膜上移栽和井窖深栽等区域性农艺要求，进一步增加了装备适配难度。本文比较了不同区域的移栽装备技术路线，重点综述取苗、送苗、栽植、机–土–苗耦合建模以及感知与控制技术。研究表明，标准化平原或设施生产场景适宜采用高通量自动化装备，而丘陵烟区更需要小型化、模块化和高鲁棒性机具。现阶段的主要瓶颈包括钵苗一致性不足、高频作业与低损伤之间的矛盾、土壤黏附、传感器性能衰减以及较高的全寿命周期成本。未来应协同推进育苗标准化、柔性末端执行器、多模态感知、数字孪生和轻量化电动底盘的发展。