Authors

Abstract

To address the problems of conventional liquid fertilizer deep-application devices, including complex structure, large machine size, and low operating efficiency, a compact liquid fertilizer deep-application device driven by a crank-slider mechanism was developed. In view of the operational requirements of precision deep fertilization in hilly and mountainous regions and small-plot farmland, a narrow-track chassis was designed through driving analysis and structural optimization to improve machine passability and terrain adaptability. Based on the soil-penetration mechanical model of the fertilization needle and optimization of the crank-slider mechanism, an angle-adjustable fertilization unit was proposed to ensure stable and efficient soil penetration. An internal flow-field simulation model of the fertilization needle was established using Fluent. Taking the fertilizer amount per application as the evaluation index, fertilization time, fertilization pressure, and the number of outlet holes were selected as test factors for a three-factor and three-level response surface experiment. Field tests showed stable operation, controllable fertilization depth, and an average fertilization deviation of less than 5%. These results provide a reference for the design and application of precision liquid fertilizer deep-application equipment in hilly and mountainous areas.

Abstract in Chinese

针对传统液态肥料深层施肥装置结构复杂、机具体积大及作业效率低等问题，设计了一种基于曲柄滑块机构驱动的小型液态肥深施装置。结合丘陵山区及小地块农田精准深施施肥作业特点，开展窄距行走底盘驱动分析与结构设计，提高整机通过性与地形适应能力；基于施肥针入土力学模型与曲柄滑块机构优化分析，提出角度可调式施肥部件，实现施肥针稳定、高效入土；基于Fluent建立施肥针内部流场仿真模型，以单次施肥量为评价指标，选取施肥时间、施肥压力与施肥针出液孔数为试验因素，开展三因素三水平响应曲面试验，获得最优参数组合：施肥时间1s，施肥压力0.45Mpa，出液孔数6个。田间试验结果表明，该装置作业过程稳定，施肥深度可控，平均施肥偏差小于5%。研究结果可为丘陵山区液态肥精量深施装备的设计与应用提供参考。