Authors

Abstract

This study designed a spoon-clamp type single-seed garlic seed metering device to address the issues of high missing seed rate and low qualification rate in modern mechanized garlic sowing. Using garlic seeds from Northeast China as the research object, the structure and working principle of the seed metering device were explored, and the parameters of its key components through theoretical calculations were determined. The parameters were defined as follows: the seed plate diameter is 520 mm, the number of seed spoons is 14, the spring wire diameter of the seed spoon opening and closing mechanism is 0.7 mm, and the clamping force is approximately 2.4 N. A three-dimensional model of the seed metering device and a garlic seed model were constructed using the discrete element method. A single-factor numerical simulation test scheme was adopted to determine the influence of seed plate speed and seed spoon diameter on the performance of the seed metering device. The optimal operating parameter range for garlic sowing was determined as follows: the performance of the seed metering device is enhanced when the seed plate speed is between 1 and 7 r/min and the seed spoon diameter is between 25 and 35 mm. A precision garlic sowing test bench was set up to conduct single-factor bench tests. The optimal sowing parameter combination for “Acheng Purple Garlic” and “Nong’an Purple Garlic” is a seed plate speed of 4 r/min and a seed spoon diameter of 32 mm. The optimal sowing parameter combination for “Zhaozhou White Garlic” is a seed plate speed of 5.5 r/min and a seed spoon diameter of 28 mm.

Abstract in Chinese

针对在现代机械化大蒜播种中，单粒种子缺失率高和合格率低的问题，本研究设计了一种夹勺式大蒜单粒取种排种器。首先，本文以东北蒜种为研究对象，阐述了排种器的结构与工作原理，通过理论计算确定了其关键部件参数；明确排种盘的直径为520mm，取种勺数量14个等参数、种勺开合机构弹簧丝径为0.7mm、夹持力约为2.4N。利用离散单元法（DEM）分别构建排种器三维模型和蒜种模型，采用单因素数值模拟试验方案获得了排种盘转速和取种勺直径对排种器性能影响规律，到大蒜适播作业参数范围：排种盘转速在1-7r/min，取种勺直径在25-35mm时排种器作业性能较优。搭建大蒜精量播种试验台进行单因素台架试验，得到最佳播种作业参数组合为：“阿城紫皮蒜”和“农安紫皮蒜”的最佳播种作业参数组合为排种盘转速4 r/min、取种勺直径32 mm；“肇州白皮蒜”的最佳播种作业参数组合为排种盘转速5.5 r/min、取种勺直径28 mm。