Authors

Abstract

Conventional deep-burial devices typically employ a split structure consisting of a furrowing shovel and a soil-covering plate. During field operation, vibrations can cause relative displacement between these components, resulting in unstable soil coverage. Such devices may also exhibit structural redundancy, insufficient tillage depth, and high energy consumption. In this study, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation based on mechanical and soil-dynamics models were conducted to elucidate the soil–tool interaction mechanism of a direct-injection winged shovel and determine its key structural parameters. Using an EDEM-based soil–tool interaction model, a single-factor Box–Behnken experimental design was conducted with penetration angle, operating speed, and wing depth as the experimental factors and soil coverage rate and tillage resistance as the response variables. The optimal parameter combination consisted of a shovel-tip penetration angle of 25°, a wing depth of 150 mm, and an operating speed of 1.4 m·s⁻¹. Under these conditions, the direct-injection winged shovel achieved low tillage resistance, a high soil coverage rate, stable operation, and consistent furrow width. Field tests showed that all measured performance indicators met the requirements of the applicable Chinese national standards. The developed shovel exhibited stable and consistent performance during deep straw incorporation, thereby effectively improving operational quality.

Abstract in Chinese

针对传统深埋部件存在的覆土性能差、耕作深度不足、结构冗余及能耗过高等缺陷，创新设计了一种开沟覆土直注翼铲，可实现开沟、覆土、秸秆深埋、深松等多项作业的一体化。采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，通过力学和土壤动力学分析模型，阐明直注翼铲与土壤的相互作用机制，确定直注翼铲主要结构参数。基于EDEM土壤耕作仿真模型，采用单因素试验Box-Behnken组合试验设计，以入土角、耕作速度、尾翼深度为试验因素，以覆土率、耕作阻力为核心评价指标，结果确定直注翼铲较优参数为铲尖入土角25°、铲体尾翼深度150 mm、耕作速度1.4 m∙s-1，该参数下耕作阻力2094 N、自动覆土率87.47%、稳定性94.65%、开沟宽度一致性96.06%，田间试验结果表明，该直注翼铲各项作业指标均符合国家标准要求，在秸秆还田作业中表现出良好的稳定性与一致性，能够有效提升作业质量。