Authors

Abstract

To address the problems of multiple seeding, missed seeding, and insufficient operational stability commonly encountered during the operation of precision maize seed-metering devices, an inclined spoon-disc seed-metering device was designed in this study. The seed-metering process of maize kernels within the device was analyzed, and the key components, including the spoon-type metering wheel, partition plate, and seed-guiding wheel, were structurally designed. Bench tests were conducted using a JPS-16 seed-metering device performance testing system. First, single-factor tests were performed to investigate the effects of metering-wheel rotational speed, overall inclination angle, and seed-layer height on the qualified index, multiple index, and miss index. Subsequently, a three-factor, five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination experiment was conducted using the metering-wheel rotational speed, overall inclination angle, and seed-layer height as the experimental factors. Optimization was performed with the objective of maximizing the qualified index. The optimal parameter combination was determined to be a seed-metering wheel rotational speed of 25 r·min⁻¹, an overall inclination angle of 27°, and a seed-layer height of 71.9 mm. Under these conditions, the model-predicted qualified index was 96.5%. In the verification tests, the average qualified index was 95.0%, with a relative error of 1.5% compared with the predicted value. The results can provide a reference for the structural design and operating-parameter optimization of inclined spoon-disc precision maize seed-metering devices.

Abstract in Chinese

针对玉米精量排种器在作业过程中易出现重播、漏播及排种稳定性不足的问题，本文设计了一种倾斜勺盘式排种器。分析玉米籽粒在排种器内的工作过程，并对排种勺轮、隔板及导种轮等关键部件进行了结构设计。在JPS-16排种器性能测试系统上开展台架试验。首先通过单因素试验分析排种轮转速、整体倾斜角和种层高度对合格率、重播率和漏播率的影响；在此基础上，以排种轮转速、整体倾斜角和种层高度为试验因素，开展三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合试验。以合格率最大为目标进行优化，得到较优参数组合为排种轮转速25 r·min−1、整体倾斜角27°、种层高度71.9 mm，模型预测合格率为96.5%。验证试验中合格率平均值为95.0%，与预测值的相对误差为1.5%。研究结果可为倾斜勺盘式玉米精量排种器的结构设计和作业参数优化提供参考。