Authors

Abstract

To enable automatic and precise flower transplanting, a soil pickup and separation device was designed for substrate filling in greenhouse flower transplanting operations. The soil-conveying mechanism of the soil pickup auger was analyzed through theoretical analysis and discrete element simulation. Taking the soil pickup quantity and its coefficient of variation as the evaluation indices, the effects of auger rotational speed, soil penetration depth, and pitch were investigated and optimized using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The simulation results showed that the optimal operating parameters were an auger rotational speed of 115.7 rpm, a soil penetration depth of 39.28 mm, and a pitch of 149.26 mm. Based on the optimized parameters, a prototype was fabricated and field tests were conducted. The measured soil pickup quantity was 4.13 kg, and the corresponding coefficient of variation was 1.44%, with relative errors of 3.05% and 4.00%, respectively, compared with the simulation results. The validation results demonstrated that the device operated stably and could achieve accurate and efficient substrate filling.

Abstract in Chinese

为实现花卉移栽过程的自动化与精准化，针对温室环境下花卉自动移栽机的作业需求，本文设计了一种用于软质花盆基质填充的取分土装置。通过理论分析明确了取土搅龙螺旋叶片对土壤颗粒的推送机理，并利用离散元法（EDEM）建立了装置取土过程的仿真模型。以取土量及其变异系数为关键性能指标，采用Box-Behnken响应面法对取土搅龙的工作参数（转速、入土深度、螺距）进行了系统优化。仿真结果表明，当转速为115.7 r·min⁻¹、入土深度为39.28 mm、螺距为149.26 mm时，取土性能最优，取土量为4.26 kg，变异系数为1.50%。基于优化结果试制样机并开展田间试验，实际取土量为4.13 kg，变异系数为1.44%，与仿真预测值的相对误差分别为3.05%与4.00%。试验结果表明，该装置结构合理、工作稳定，可实现花盆基质的精准高效填充，为花卉自动化移栽装备的开发提供了技术参考。