Authors

Abstract

The seed metering device is the core actuating component of precision seeding equipment, and its working performance directly determines seeding accuracy, seed spacing uniformity, seedling emergence rate, and crop yield. To systematically review the technological evolution and research status of precision seed metering devices, this paper addresses the existing issues of mechanical-type precision seed metering devices—such as low seed filling efficiency, poor seed clearing performance, insufficient operational stability at high speeds, and significant interference from field vibrations—as well as the technical bottlenecks of pneumatic-type precision seed metering devices, including difficulties in precision seeding of small-sized 1seeds, high air pressure loss, poor airtightness, and susceptibility to hole clogging. Accordingly, this paper summarizes the latest research progress in structural innovation, mechanism analysis, parameter optimization, and performance improvement. A comparative analysis is conducted on the technical advantages and applicable scenarios of the two mainstream types of seed metering devices. Future development trends of precision seed metering devices are envisioned towards high speed and high efficiency, universal adaptability, intelligent monitoring, and low-damage energy saving, providing a reference for the optimal design and technological upgrade of precision seeding equipment.

Abstract in Chinese

排种器是精量播种装备的核心执行部件，其工作性能直接决定播种精度、粒距均匀性、种子出苗率与作物产量。为系统梳理精量排种器技术演进与研究现状，本文针对机械式精量排种器存在的充种效率低、清种效果差、高速作业稳定性不足及田间振动干扰显著等问题，气力式精量排种器面临的小籽粒精量播种困难、风压损耗大、气密性与型孔易堵塞等技术瓶颈，分别综述结构创新、机理分析、参数优化与性能提升的最新研究进展；对比分析两类主流排种器的技术优势与适用场景，展望精量排种器向高速高效、通用适配、智能监测、低损节能方向的发展趋势，为精量播种装备优化设计与技术升级提供参考。